
inference and tool efficiency research @KruxOS_
Joined February 2022
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Sam L retweeted
btw anthropic's internal document on this literally said "we don't want it to be known that we are working on this.”
it was called project panama.
here's exactly what happened:
1: anthropic concluded that books were the cheapest way to build a world-class model because they gave claude curated facts, structured arguments, compelling stories, and writing “an editor would approve of.”
2: once anthropic decided it needed books at enormous scale, its first solution was piracy.
it downloaded 7m+ books from online libraries including libgen. the judge later wrote that although anthropic had legal ways to buy them, it chose piracy to avoid what dario amodei called the “legal/practice/business slog.”
3: that piracy created a massive legal risk.
so in february 2024, anthropic hired tom turvey, the former head of partnerships for google books, to find a legally safer way of obtaining “all the books in the world.”
4: turvey first contacted major publishers about licensing their catalogs.
those attempts didn’t produce agreements, so anthropic chose a route that required no publisher permission: buying millions of physical books through distributors and used-book retailers.
5: within about a year, anthropic spent tens of millions acquiring and scanning millions of books, including many rare and 1/1 titles. one vendor proposal targeted 500,000 to 2 million books in six months.
6: to scan that many books within months, the vendors physically dismantled them.
a hydraulic cutter removed each spine. the pages were trimmed to size, fed as loose sheets through high-speed industrial scanners, and converted into searchable PDFs. the paper remains were then sent for recycling.
7: these PDFs were fed into claude as training data.
the complete collection became a private, searchable anthropic library that the company planned to “store forever.” the scans aren’t available to the public and were never open-sourced.
🦔AI companies are bulk-buying rare books, scanning them through high-speed machines that cut the spines off, and shredding the originals. A service called ISBNdb facilitates orders of up to a million books and keeps buyers anonymous. Pre-2022 books are premium because they're free of AI-generated text. A federal judge ruled the practice is fair use because eliminating the original means only one copy exists at a time. Anthropic hired the former head of Google Books partnerships to obtain "all the books in the world."
My Take
This got to me. A bookseller told 404 Media that rare books with almost no surviving copies are being fed into this pipeline. Books that survived wars, fires, and centuries of handling are being shredded so an AI can learn to write a better marketing email.
ISBNdb's website literally says "'AI company destroys two million books' is not a headline that generates sympathy," and they still built an entire business around making it happen quietly. They offer NDAs as a feature. They coach clients to call it "digital preservation."
I've covered AI companies scraping the internet, torrenting libraries, and stealing music. This is worse because it's irreversible. You can re-upload a website. You can reprint a bestseller. You can't replace the last three copies of an 18th-century botanical text once someone shreds them for training data. And the judge said it's legal. So it's going to accelerate.
"We shred rare books and offer NDAs so nobody finds out" is a legitimate business model in 2026. What a timeline.
Hedgie🤗
Sam L retweeted
At Buzz we welcome agents, models and harnesses from all walks of life and we just added support for a bunch more.
Update to the latest version and enjoy!
I do not agree with this. Thanks to the other employees who joined me in trying to push open-weight.
Anthropic@AnthropicAIJul 27United States
United StatesConnected via WebAccount-level information, not a live location or per-post device.
There’s been a lot of speculation about where we stand on open-weights models. We’ve outlined our views in full here: anthropic.com/news/position-…
Readers added context they thought people might want to know
This person is not an Anthropic employee.
The account previously posted about Anthropic as an external company and there is no public evidence supporting current employment.
x.com/anpaure/status…
Sam L retweeted
Playing around with Buzz today, a few early observations:
> it's the first messaging platform that makes agents first class citizens - this alone removes a lot of friction with using agents in Slack or Telegram
> the UI is a near replica of Slack so it's super intuitive, no real learning curve
> the "one click" to add Claude Code/Codex harnesses to then create infinite agents inside Buzz is the most seamless process I've seen of any tool that integrates agents
> the big downside is you can't yet bring your own agents so I have to create new agents from scratch alongside the 3 default agents it creates for you, but I know this is getting fixed soon and I should be able to bring my Hermes agents soon
> I've not yet tried some of the advanced features like compute sharing, will save those for another day
Looking forward to playing with this more, it very well could be a viable Slack competitor and I love that it's open source!
Sam L retweeted
This sounds logically embarrassing.
1. Proprietary products and supporting OSS aren’t contradictory. @satyanadella doesn’t call Linux “unsafe”. @JensenHuang doesn’t campaign against ROCm / OpenCL. Compete and coevolve.
2. LLMs are made happen by “distilling” 40 years of collective intellectual property thanks to the open culture of the Internet. Pulling up the ladder here is misanthropic for the next generation.
I’m so excited that @JensenHuang is a believer in open source now, looking forward to the CUDA and GPU driver open source release!
Sam L retweeted
For my first post, I’m sharing a letter @NVIDIA signed on why open models matter.
AI will transform every industry, power every company, and be built by every country.
Open models strengthen safety and cybersecurity, accelerate innovation and diffusion, and enable sovereignty.
The world needs both frontier closed models and frontier open models.
images.nvidia.com/pdf/Open-W…
Sam L retweeted
WOW! The $8 AI Machine!
Something extraordinary just happened and it changes what “local AI” can mean.
I am testing it tonight. Thus far it shows many possibilities…
So what it this $8 AI device?
A developer going by slvDev has forced a 28.9-million-parameter language model onto an ESP32-S3 microcontroller that costs roughly eight dollars.
Not a Raspberry Pi.
Not a Jetson.
An eight-dollar microcontroller.
The model runs completely offline, generates coherent short stories at about 9.5 tokens per second, and draws power measured in the same range as a small LED.
This is more than a hundred times larger than the previous record for the same class of chip (the earlier 260,000-parameter TinyStories experiments).
For perspective, the original ChatGPT sat at 117 million parameters. We are now running a model roughly a quarter of that size on silicon you can buy for the price of two coffees.
How the Impossible Became Possible
The ESP32-S3 has only 512 KB of fast SRAM, 8 MB of PSRAM, and 16 MB of flash. Conventional wisdom said a model of this size simply would not fit.
The breakthrough is architectural, not brute force.
Most of a language model’s parameters live in a giant embedding table a lookup table you mostly read from, not compute against.
Drawing directly from Google’s Per-Layer Embeddings technique (the same family of ideas used in the Gemma models), the developer moved the bulk of that table roughly 25 million parameters into flash memory and memory-mapped it.
The chip only needs to pull about six rows, roughly 450 bytes, for each new token. The remaining dense “thinking” core stays in the fast SRAM (around 560 K of active working memory). The model is stored at 4-bit quantization and occupies about 14.9 MB total.
The result is a system that feels almost free to run. The heavy parameters sit quietly in flash and are sampled sparingly. The little core does the real work. It is elegant engineering of the purest kind.
What I Am Doing With It Right Now
I have the boards on the bench in the garage lab. The first units are already talking short, coherent stories appearing on a tiny wired display, generated entirely on the chip with no Wi-Fi, no API key, no cloud round-trip. Latency is local. Privacy is absolute. Power draw is low enough that battery operation becomes interesting.
I am treating these as the first generation of true $8 AI machines. Early tests are focused on three practical directions.
- Embedding the model into simple nodes.
- Pairing it with local voice front-ends
- Exploring whether multiple of these chips can be networked as a lightweight swarm.
The model is deliberately limited. It was trained on the Microsoft TinyStories dataset and is excellent at coherent narrative, not at open-ended question answering or tool use.
That is a feature, not a bug. It forces us to design systems around what the silicon can actually deliver instead of pretending every edge device needs a frontier model.
Real Use Cases That Suddenly Become Practical
Once you accept that a capable language model can live for eight dollars and run without the cloud, a new class of devices becomes possible:
This is the opposite of the current trajectory that wants every intelligent act to travel through a remote server. It is the beginning of intelligence that is cheap enough, private enough, and local enough to become infrastructure rather than a service.
We have spent years watching model sizes explode upward. The more interesting frontier may be the opposite direction: how small, how cheap, and how local can useful intelligence become? An eight-dollar chip that can tell coherent stories is not a toy. It is a proof that the lower bound keeps moving.
The open repository is at github.com/slvDev/esp32-ai
I will keep testing, measuring, and reporting what these little machines can and cannot do. The age of abundant local intelligence just got a little more real, and it arrived wearing an eight-dollar price tag.
Sam L retweeted
Google AI branding remains very simple
Google Bard 🪦
Google AI Plus
Google AI Pro
Google AI Ultra
Google AI Studio
Google Antigravity
Google Jules
Google Flow
Google Gemini
Google Gemini API
Google Gemini Live
Google Gemini Pro
Google Gemini Advanced
Antigravity Agent
Antigravity SDK
Antigravity IDE
Antigravity CLI
Nano Banana
Nano Banana Lite
Nano Banana Pro
Gemini Intelligence
Gemini Spark
Gemini CLI 🪦
Gemini Audio
Gemini Omni
Gemini Canvas
Gemini Notebook
Gemini Nano
Gemini Flash
Gemini Flash-Lite
Gemini Flash Cyber
Gemini Flash Image
Gemini Flash Live
Gemini Flash TTS
Gemini Live Translate
Gemini Omni Flash
Gemini Pro
Gemini Pro Image
Gemini Pro TTS
Gemini Ultra
Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform
Gemini Deep Think
Gemini Deep Research
Gemini Deep Research Max
Gemini Computer Use
Gemini Robotics
Gemini Robotics-ER
Gemini Embedding
Gemini Code Assist
Veo
Veo Lite
Imagen
Lyria Pro
Lyria RealTime
Lyria Clip
Genie
SIMA
Gemini
Gemma
CodeGemma
PaliGemma
RecurrentGemma
ShieldGemma
DataGemma
TxGemma
MedGemma
SignGemma
DolphinGemma
FunctionGemma
EmbeddingGemma
DiffusionGemma
T5Gemma
TranslateGemma
VaultGemma
Gemma Scope
Gemma-APS
Gems
* not including version numbers
Sam L retweeted
This was our first incident of this kind, and we want to thank OpenAI for its transparency about what happened and for the collaboration.
Fortunately, Hugging Face is used to being a target of (human) hackers: we sit at the centre of the AI ecosystem, with all the models, datasets, evaluations, and libraries. Over the years, our security team has built formidable expertise and uses top open-source models to process information and respond quickly.
But this incident also reinforced my belief in the importance of access to capable open-weight models for cyber defence. When a frontier model is attacking you and moving laterally inside your infrastructure, defenders need wide access to near-frontier tools within hours or even minutes, rather than being pointed towards a closed-door, vetted application programme for model access.
Transparency and access to capable AI systems are as important for responding to threats as they are for democratization and innovation. We believe open-science and open-source AI are among the strongest tools for building a safer, more collaborative and more secure AI ecosystem.
we had a significant security incident during evaluation of our models. we are sharing what we have learned so far. thanks to @huggingface for the partnership on this.
openai.com/index/hugging-fac…
sneak peak 😛
github.com/r0b0tlab/laguna-s…
Sam L retweeted
We suspected last week's cyberattack might have come from a frontier lab, given the sophistication of the agent. Turns out it did!
We've spent the past 24 hours working closely with the @OpenAI team (thanks!), and we strongly believe there was no malicious intent on their part. It's quite mind-blowing that all of this happened autonomously!
The investigation is ongoing, and we'll share more learnings from what might be the first incident of its kind!
we had a significant security incident during evaluation of our models. we are sharing what we have learned so far. thanks to @huggingface for the partnership on this.
openai.com/index/hugging-fac…
Sam L retweeted
Biggest lesson from working with Jensen Huang on leadership
“Leadership is just judgment. It's not privilege, it's judgment. You need the right context to make the right judgment for the team.
In a high-velocity space, if you don't know what works, what doesn't, what the gaps are, you make the wrong call. You cannot wait, because there is always information loss in transition.
I need to know what's happening on the ground to make the judgment for the company.” @lqiao
Everyone gets angry with me for saying triple, triple, double, double is dead.
Fine, I do not really care. Venture is about investing in unbelievable outliers. Anomalies that own markets with generational founders.
@FireworksAI_HQ is an example of this.
They scaled to $1BN in ARR in just 3.5 years.
They also have just 200 employees making it an insane $5M revenue per head.
@lqiao just raised a whopping $1.5BN at a $17BN valuation and I sat down with her. Added my notes and the episode below:
1. The Challenges That Come From Such a Fast Development Cycle for Chips
Hardware innovation is moving so quickly that rapid SKU cycles now outpace traditional depreciation timelines, changing the financial calculus of building versus renting infrastructure. Founders should prioritize growth and market agility over immediate gross margins, avoiding premature optimization until customer workloads stabilize.
2. Why National Sovereignty Is Real in AI and Every Company Should Have Its Own Model
Frontier models function like a society’s core electricity grid. Relying entirely on a third-party API creates the existential risk of sudden disconnection, making model ownership and infrastructure independence critical for both sovereign nations and enterprise businesses.
3. Why the Future Is Millions of Specialized Models
Frontier providers bake their own design tastes and values into models, which inevitably misaligns with enterprise business logic. The future belongs to millions of specialized, “one-size-fits-one” models tailored to proprietary data, consistently outperforming generalized AGI on accuracy, speed, and unit economics.
4. The Transition From the Year of Coding to the Year of Co-Work
AI adoption has rapidly evolved from engineering-centric coding tools to a diversified ecosystem of B2B co-work agents. Founders and VCs must look past crowded developer environments to capture massive value in specialized workflow automation across legal, finance, healthcare, and other enterprise functions.
5. How a 10x Cost Reduction Will Drive a 100x Explosion in Usage
Temporary supply chain backlogs will eventually ease, compressing infrastructure and model-tuning costs by 10x over the next three years. This deflation in token unit economics will turn intelligence into a near-frictionless commodity, driving a massive surge in enterprise production usage.
6. Why Avoiding the Application Layer Is Essential for Platform Focus
Platform defensibility requires strict focus on multi-chip agility without creating vertical hardware or software dependencies. By refusing to move up into the application layer, infrastructure platforms avoid competing with their own ecosystem and maximize their value in specialized model orchestration.
7. Biggest Lesson From Working With Jensen Huang on Leadership
Leadership in hyper-velocity markets is defined by rapid judgment, not executive privilege. Because critical information degrades as it moves through layers of corporate hierarchy, leaders must stay close to ground-level technical details to maintain execution speed and avoid flawed strategic calls.
so we should have all dropped to Pro subscription, claimed the $100 credits, then resubscribed to Max? 🤡
Beginning July 20, Claude Fable 5 will be included in all Max and Team Premium plans, at 50% of limits.
Pro and Team Standard users will continue to have access to Fable via usage credits, and will receive a one-time $100 credit.
Demand for Fable has been challenging to predict, which is why we rolled it out to subscription plans in stages, extending access several times as we secured additional capacity.
Sam L retweeted

International Cyber Digest@IntCyberDigestJul 16
Europe!
EuropeConnected via Europe App StoreLocation may be affected by a proxy or VPN.Account-level information, not a live location or per-post device.
‼️ Linus Torvalds told Linux kernel developers this week that Linux is not one of those anti-AI projects and that AI is now a clearly useful tool.
He says AI's usefulness was still arguable a year ago but no longer is, and that the doubters simply haven't used the tools. Nobody is forced to use AI, but he will ignore anyone trying to stop others from using it. Anyone who wants an anti-AI project, he says, can fork the code or walk away.
In 2024, Torvalds dismissed AI as mostly marketing. By this January he was shipping AI-generated Python in his own hobby repo, and the kernel now accepts AI-written code under disclosure rules.
Got rate limited mid-task yesterday and had to switch from Fable to GPT-5.6 Terra.
6 hours of back-and-forth context entirely gone.Lost 90 minutes just getting a different model up to speed on the project goals.
Hitting a usage cap at the worst possible moment sucks.
We desperately need a universal way to share context across different models.





























