This looks like a must-read! "Rethinking Innovation: How Knowledge-Sharing Organizations Are Shaping the Twenty-First Century" by Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole. amzn.to/4i2J9tp "Innovation is more important than ever, yet breakthroughs are becoming harder to achieve. Modern technologies, from artificial intelligence and 5G networks to biotech, are so complex that they require collaboration across companies, industries, and countries. Increasingly, firms are discovering that sharing knowledge can be more powerful, and more profitable, than guarding it. In Rethinking Innovation, distinguished economists Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole examine ways that corporations have embraced the sharing of knowledge as a competitive strategy. Open-source software, for example, has seen multibillion-dollar public offerings and shifting business strategies, producing high-profile disputes over what openness actually entails. Across high-tech industries, new forms of knowledge-sharing are transforming how companies develop and exploit new technologies. Lerner and Tirole explore three key organizational structures that make this collaboration possible: patent pools, which bundle essential patents and make them available to firms seeking to license them; standard-setting organizations, where companies agree on common technical templates and commit to making related patents available on fair terms; and open-source communities, in which users share innovations freely with others." Erik Brynjolfsson: "From semiconductors to artificial intelligence, progress increasingly depends not just on brilliant ideas, but on the complementary assets and institutions needed to turn them into real-world impact. In Rethinking Innovation, Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole brilliantly illuminate the knowledge-sharing organizations that make this possible. This superb book also helps explain why innovation so often follows a J-curve, with the biggest gains arriving only after the right complements and structures are in place." amzn.to/4i2J9tp