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El gran problema de’n Graupera

This hypothesis proposes a speculative extension of Penrose’s Conformal Cyclic Cosmology (CCC) in which transitions between successive aeons are governed not only by conformal geometry but also by the continuous evolution of a cosmological scalar field. Unlike CCC, where the Standard Model and Higgs sector are fixed throughout cosmic history, this framework treats particle-physics parameters as dynamical quantities that evolve over cosmological timescales. The familiar laws of physics emerge only during a temporary, finely tuned phase of this scalar-field evolution, while conformal invariance and the Big Bang become successive stages of a continuous cyclic process. In CCC, the Standard Model is assumed to remain unchanged throughout each aeon, with fixed particle masses and couplings. In the present hypothesis, however, a slowly evolving scalar field continuously modifies these quantities. The Standard Model is therefore not fundamental but a transient configuration realized only when the scalar field occupies a narrow region of parameter space. Outside this region, effective physical laws differ as the scalar field continues to evolve. As an aeon progresses, the scalar field drifts away from the life-permitting regime, causing particle masses and all intrinsic physical scales to decrease. In the asymptotic limit, all mass scales vanish, and spacetime approaches conformal invariance, where only causal structure, angles, and dimensionless ratios retain physical meaning. In this regime, large and small, early and late become physically equivalent under conformal transformations. Unlike CCC, this conformal state is not merely a geometric endpoint but an active phase of scalar-field dynamics. The disappearance of physical scales feeds back into the scalar sector, continuously driving the field toward higher-energy regions of its parameter space. Conformal invariance therefore does not terminate evolution but modifies it. The scalar field evolves continuously across the entire cycle, with conformal invariance representing an intermediate dynamical regime rather than an endpoint. As the scalar field evolves through this high-energy regime, it eventually reaches a critical, finely tuned region of parameter space. The hot Big Bang occurs during this transition and corresponds to the epoch in which the scalar-field configuration produces the effective Higgs potential, particle masses, and couplings of the Standard Model. The familiar laws of physics thus emerge dynamically during the Big Bang epoch, and standard cosmological expansion follows. After the Big Bang, the Universe expands and cools while the scalar field continues its slow evolution. For a finite interval, the field remains within the narrow region that permits stable particles, atoms, chemistry, stars, galaxies, and life. This habitable epoch is therefore not fundamental but a temporary phase of the scalar-field cycle. Eventually, continued evolution drives the system away from this region, reducing particle masses until all physical scales again vanish. The scalar field evolves continuously across all stages of the cycle. Conformal invariance is not an endpoint or a reset, but an active dynamical phase that modifies the scalar-field trajectory. The Big Bang is a transient phase during which the scalar configuration becomes finely tuned to generate the Standard Model. As the scalar field continues evolving, those parameters eventually drift away from the Standard Model until conformal invariance is restored and the cycle repeats.

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