I am super excited to see Apple engaging in this work—it is outstanding. However, I have been secretly hoping that both Apple and Google would adopt MLS (Messaging Layer Security) as part of their plan to both support RCS (Rich Communication Services). While the evolution of the iMessage protocol does not rule out this possibility, it seems to diminish the likelihood that any version of RCS protocol will become MLS and universally adopted. Conversely, it is now conceivable that RCS might integrate PQ3. Regardless of the long-term outcomes, it is clear that messaging solely through clear text or employing hop-to-hop encryption is not sufficient. Eventually, an end-to-end (e2e) messaging protocol will need to be incorporated into RCS.