Super interesting! "Economic Models of Identity Formation and Cultural Transmission" by Alberto Bisin and Thierry Verdier. "In this paper we survey recent advances in the economic theory of identity formation. We restrict our analysis to models which conceptualize identity formation as embedded into an inter-generational cultural transmission process, and therefore have implications for the dynamics of social identity. Through the lens of a general framework linking identity formation to cultural evolution, we discuss issues related to the dynamics of oppositional, racial, or minority attitudes, cultural polarization, identity switching, and openness to alternative identities. An application of the set-up to multidimensional identities constructed from combinations of characteristics, provides conditions under which societies converge (or not) toward narrow identities centered on salient markers such as religion, ethnicity, or race. We conclude by outlining promising avenues for future research." bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/wp.nyu…

Food for thought! "Market Power Is Power" by Gabriele Gratton and Barton E. Lee. "We argue that in market democracies firms can wield political power through a mechanism that does not rely on lobbying, campaign contributions, or persuasion. When voters cannot commit to future regulation, firms can use irreversible technological investments to reshape ex-post political incentives. We call this mechanism the political hold-up problem. We show that, in equilibrium, a firm’s de facto power to avoid regulation coincides with standard measures of market power. This form of power is robust to a wide range of regulatory instruments, including bans, taxes, self-regulation, and delegation to technocrats, and limits the effectiveness of reforms targeting political influence. The political hold-up problem distorts the direction of technological progress and may increase political demand for populism and nationalization. Institutional remedies instead require commitment: supermajoritarian institutions and independent oversight of industry standards." gratton.org/papers/MarketPow…