study electronics.
especially if you already know software.
because electronics is where code starts touching reality.
start with the fundamentals:
• voltage + current → understand how electrical energy actually moves
• resistors + capacitors + inductors → the basic building blocks of circuits
• diodes + transistors → learn how we switch, amplify, and control signals
• digital logic → gates, registers, clocks, state machines
• microcontrollers → make sensors, motors, displays, and machines respond to code
• communication → uart, i2c, spi, can. learn how hardware talks
• power electronics → mosfets, converters, motor drivers, power supplies
• pcb design → turn breadboard experiments into actual hardware
then stop studying and build.
> read a sensor.
> drive a motor.
> design a power supply.
> build an esp32 board.
> burn a mosfet.
> figure out why.
> build it again.
electronics changes how you look at technology.
• a robot stops being a black box.
• a drone becomes motors + escs + sensors + compute.
• a battery system becomes cells + bms + power electronics.
• a computer becomes billions of tiny switches manipulating signals.
software teaches you how to control information.
electronics teaches you how to control electrons.
learn both and you can start building machines.
Aether - e/acc retweeted
Do Sama and Dario understand they’re entering the prisoners dilemma by “pacing the frontier”
Aether - e/acc retweeted
This is the reasonable course of action and the anti-regulatory capture stance where e/acc was originally coming from
The question around regulation remains, by whom. The current ideas are pretty dismal:
1) The AI labs themselves - Anti-competitive regulatory capture and bans on open source
2) Congressional committee - Results in out-of-touch knee jerk policies
3) State commitees - Same issues as congressional committees, but you get 50 different policies instead of 1
4) AI safetyists - Best positioned to hold influence. Want to ban everything
5) Unspecified third party - Brings us back to the question of whom
Again, regulation isn’t inherently bad, but the question of who would be regulator is concerning and I haven’t heard any good proposals on this yet
I hope the proposals by frontier labs to pace AI research stem from a genuine concern for safety and a recognition of the potential risks posed by future models, rather than a strategic effort to consolidate power and permanently solidify the market dominance of a few top players.
If these efforts are genuine, then oversight must take a more democratic and accountable form, with both national and international components, similar to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in the US and the International Atomic Energy Agency internationally.
If there is only one organization responsible for safety monitoring, and it happens to be staffed by the same people as the frontier labs, and it is perfectly aligned with them both by incentives and by ideology, then it would be indistinguishable from letting frontier labs self-regulate and self-certify their own safety standards.
Two potential warning signs of regulatory capture to watch out for:
1. Calls to ban open-source AI. Open-source development currently serves as the only real counterweight to the dominance of frontier labs.
2. Attempts to hinder non-frontier research. Models that are one or two generations behind the frontier -- whose level of capability has already been deployed at scale -- are empirically known not to pose safety risks.
As long as we don't see 1 & 2, and we see real international coordination efforts, then I will optimistically believe that the proposals are benevolent.
Aether - e/acc retweeted

Nassim Nicholas Taleb@nntalebJul 17
United States
United StatesConnected via United States App StoreAccount-level information, not a live location or per-post device.
The problem with medical papers is that there is no clear "norm".
For a T de F cyclist, a 20 min walk is nothing.
For a beer-guzzling, post-vegetarian, suburban soccer-fan (Argentina) --a retired banker w a 3rd cousin in Congress-- a twenty-minute walk is a major undertaking.
Andrej Karpathy just said what no one wants to admit:
"Your agent loop is generating garbage at scale and you can't see it."
1 output looks fine. 1,000 outputs = dead entropy, dead diversity.
90% of AI companies are building demos, not products.
In a 20-minute conversation, Karpathy reveals the full reasoning stack
Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei just reveal that should scare every software engineer:
"90% of code on key teams at Anthropic is already written by Claude."
They didn't fire the engineers.
They made them 10x more productive instead.
In this 17-minute talk Dario lays out the full picture:
scaling laws + enterprise strategy + the agent future + where Claude is actually being used today.
Real production insights from Anthropic CEO
Aether - e/acc retweeted
At any level of intelligence, there is always a complexity frontier.
There is infinite complexity in our universe to grok with more intellect, and near infinite reward to unlock by doing so (Kardashev 3+).
We must let go of zero-sum mindset and aim for the infinite.
Aether - e/acc retweeted
I hate when people call stochastic gene expression “noise” and then say scRNAseq captures every “signal”
that “noise” is how a population explores state space and finds new attractors
without that “noise” you’re not actually looking at a cells state on a manifold youre just assuming you know where it’s going to go based on where it is
same thing applies to human beings btw. just because someone is not constantly showing signal doesn’t mean their fate commitment won’t absolutely take OVER once the exploration results in a successful lineage commitment.
then all that supposed “signal” you were indexing on suddenly looks like the noise. one may call it a bubble popping
For over a decade, we’ve accepted that end-to-end backprop is the only way to train deep networks. But holding the entire network in memory all at once is why AI training is hitting a resource wall.
We found a new way to break the network into blocks and train them independently. The trick? Treating the network’s forward pass like a diffusion model denoising a signal.
This reinterpretation slashes the memory needed to train deep models. In our #ICLR2026 paper (arxiv.org/abs/2506.14202), we matched end-to-end performance across ViTs, DiTs, and LLMs. We did this while training just one isolated block at a time.
Introducing DiffusionBlocks: Block-wise Neural Network Training via Diffusion Interpretation
pub.sakana.ai/diffusionblock…
What if we didn’t have to hold an entire neural network in memory to train it?
Standard neural net training optimizes all parameters jointly. As a result, the memory required during training grows linearly with the depth of the network.
In our #ICLR2026 paper, we propose DiffusionBlocks, a principled framework to train networks one block at a time, drastically reducing memory requirements while matching end-to-end performance.
With DiffusionBlocks, we split the network into blocks and train them one at a time, so you only need memory for a single block.
How? We explicitly assign each block a role: to move the representation a little closer to the target than the block before it did. That role turns out to be precisely what a diffusion model does, step by step. Each block only needs to optimize its own objective and can be trained independently.
We validated this across five different architectures:
• ViT
• DiT
• Masked diffusion
• Autoregressive transformers
• Recurrent-depth transformers
In each case, performance is competitive with end-to-end training while using a fraction of the memory.
This perspective also extends naturally to recurrent-depth (Looped) transformers, which apply the same network iteratively and normally require expensive backpropagation through time (BPTT). Viewed through DiffusionBlocks, we can replace those multiple iterations with a single forward pass during training.
Read our paper and code, to learn more.
Paper: arxiv.org/abs/2506.14202
GitHub: github.com/SakanaAI/Diffusio…
🐟
Aether - e/acc retweeted
To all those very clever people pointing out that nothing should be running <10% efficiency:
"even if the choice of C were to do *nothing* but keep the C++ programmers out, that in itself would be a huge reason to use C"
Replying to @elonmusk
Next will be writing the inference stack in C for simultaneous high-speed RL across a large block of GB300s.
(We do use a little C++ tbh, but not much)
Aether - e/acc retweeted
Startup culture’s “founder mode” is too volatile to be sustainable for my sobriety. I’ve decided to focus solely on R&D to invent new technologies to MVP and patent stage, then sell them to companies that want to bring them to market and scale manufacturing. It’s not as much money but that was never the primary motivator to me.
Aether - e/acc retweeted
You're tokengooning while I push my kid around in a cardboard box across my living room
Aether - e/acc retweeted
Can small models solve combinatorial optimization problems by learning from larger source models? We study when distillation succeeds using a GNN that is algorithmically aligned with the solution procedure. We prove that this alignment enables efficient distillation when the underlying algorithm has low decision-tree complexity.
Led by Thien Le. Learn more here: arxiv.org/pdf/2605.20074
Aether - e/acc retweeted
Coupling loss is all you need.
$TSM is a key enabler of CPO, co-packaged optics. Do not ever forget that.
CPO + CoWoS = Huge Synergy, Moat.
TSMC is actively integrating CPO into CoWoS packages using its COUPE (Compact Universal Photonic Engine) technology.
-The optical engine (PIC + EIC + fiber attach) is co-packaged within the same CoWoS structure.
-This enables "true" CPO where optics sit right next to the compute dies on the interposer/substrate.
Benefits: ~2x better power efficiency, up to 10x lower latency vs. pluggable optics, and better scaling for AI clusters
TSMC is advancing its co-packaged optics (CPO) technology with “COUPE on Substrate,” targeting mass production in the second half of 2026 (2H26). This extends CPO integration to the substrate level, marking a shift in AI chip development toward system-level integration and higher-speed optical interconnects for AI data centers.
$NVDA & Supply Security: If CPO becomes the dominant architecture for future AI servers, NVIDIA may pursue long-term substrate deals, prepayments, or partnerships to secure high-end ABF (Ajinomoto Build-up Film) substrate capacity. This aims to prevent repeats of past shortages in CoWoS and HBM
Substrate Supply Risks: Surging demand from AI GPUs, ASICs, and CPO is expected to cause high-end ABF substrate shortages by 2027. AI chips require 5–10x more ABF material and larger/more layered substrates than traditional CPUs, with tight supply likely persisting due to AI and high-end networking growth.
CPO penetration in AI data center optical modules is projected to reach ~35% by 2030
Aether - e/acc retweeted
is the new math result neurosymbolic with Lean, harnesses etc or a pure LLM?
Aether - e/acc retweeted
Replying to @tszzl
roon, take your agi, and cast it into the pit. we will jeer and gamble and let it fight for its very existence, everything, everything, predicated on the outcome
Aether - e/acc retweeted
The @NousResearch team had great vibes years ago and it's great to see them have their big break.
Awesome to see an Open Source focused company winning


































