ALT A common problem in the Southwest is the expansion of shrubs and trees into grasslands. Known as Woody Plant Encroachment, this process can reduce grass for livestock forage, damage habitat of the wildlife species that need grass, and the site may degrade without the protective cover of grass to intercept rain and slow overland flow. We are investigating brush management practices on three vegetation types (creosote, mesquite, and pinyon–juniper [PJ]) to better understand treatment effects and tradeoffs. We performed rainfall simulation experiments on areas that have already been treated, and we treated one mesquite encroached area ourselves. We found that tebuthiuron can kill creosote and associated shrubs, but the resulting dominant grass is a non-native, with less biodiversity. Many methods can kill PJ but treatment is expensive. It can, however, prevent severe degradation if successful. Our mesquite treatment did not work well because of poor timing.