Can you name all the overlap features between catatonia and neurological or neuropsychiatric diseases? What really is catatonia? The term “catatonia” was introduced by German psychiatrist Karl Kahlbaum in 1874. @AbhiLenka11 and @FixelInstitute medical student Vishal Perara as well as Aspen faculty @AlbertoEspay have a great new gaps and controversies piece. Born from conversations about catatonia during @movedisorder Aspen course. Key Points: - Historically catatonia was a term tied to schizophrenia. - There are a diverse range of phenotypes and has been observed in various medical and neuropsychiatric conditions. - There are both hypokinetic and hyperkinetic phenomenologies. - The current versions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) require clinicians to identify any three signs of 15 (ICD-11) or 12 (DSM-5) for the diagnosis of catatonia. My view: Clinicians should keep in mind that catalepsy and waxy flexibility are the only motor features w/ high specificity for the diagnosis of catatonia. There is a lack of a clear definition, and many inconsistencies in the description of various catatonic signs. Our discussions at the Aspen course on catatonia have been rich and have triggered a really interesting dialogue and paper. Could there one day be a bi-axial classification framework similar to that used for dystonia and tremor to encourage the evaluation of underlying etiologies and to guide therapeutic decisions and to improve the outcomes? movementdisorders.onlinelibr… #catatonia #parkinson #fixelinstitute