ALT CENTRAL ILLUSTRATION: Major Contributions of the Framingham Heart Study to Women's Cardiovascular Health Framingham Heart Study Original Cohort 1,948 44.8% Men 55.2% Women High Representation of Women Expanded Definition of CVD Sex-specific Risk Prediction Models FHS Contributions to Women's Cardiovascular Health Established High Lifetime CVD Risk in Women Demonstrated Greater Harm of Traditional Risk Factors Identified Residual Risk Despite Favorable Lipids Revealed Blood Pressure Injury at Lower Thresholds Different Coronary Heart Disease Presentation Defined HFpEF as the Dominant HF Phenotype Characterized Delayed but Accelerated Vascular Aging Linked Reproductive Transitions to Later CVD Risk Alexandrou M, et al. JACC Adv. 2026;5(6):102722.

ALT CENTRAL ILLUSTRATION: Joint Associations of Meeting Guidelines for Aerobic Activity, Resistance Training, and Low Sedentary Television Viewing Time With Risk of Major CVD, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke in Women (Pooled Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II)

ALT Needs, current gaps, limiting factors, clinical practice standards, and curricula required to establish WHC in Europe Stepwise approach for standardization of Women's Heart Centres: Current guidelines identification of gaps in evidence Future perspectives • Quality improvement • Artificial intelligence • Education • Awareness • Collaboration with health systems and policy makers • Further research Structure: WHC model • Overcoming barriers • Intersectionality in Europe Core elements • Nucleus team • Adjunct specialties Standardization of training and certification Rise of new specialties Empowering women's cardiovascular health WHC, Women's Heart Centre Grapsa J, et al. European Heart Journal.