5/n Synaptic connections affect the entrainment of the postsynaptic neuron with excitatory synapses enhancing neural entrainment

4/n These de-entrainment and re-entrainment effects are frequency-specific. Furthermore, phase-locking depends also on the natural firing rate of the neurons, with higher firing rates resulting in higher phase-locking values.

3/n At e-fields of <0.3 V/m tACS de-entrains the neurons, while at higher intensities it re-entrains. Consistent with our previous work (Wischnewski et al., nat commun, 2024) we see that the tACS induced entrainment happens with a phase shift.

2/n We connected 800 two-compartment pyramidal neurons and 200 fast-spiking interneurons in a 3D volume and investigated the effects of tACS entrainment. Neuron models were structured to mimic the orientation of cortical neurons, and the network contains endogenous oscillations

These location- and intensity-dependent TMS effects cannot be explained by auditory or somatosensory co-stimulation, as demonstrated by a series of control conditions, including imitation of the TMS click, auditory masking, and peripheral somatosensory stimulation. 4/5

By exploring the effects of different #TMS coil positions and increasing dose, we found a spatially specific sigmoidal dose-response curve in the TMS-evoked N50 potential. 3/5

#TMS is #FDA approved for treating various brain disorders. But a lack of intracranial recordings has limited our understanding of TMS-induced neural responses. We tested the effect of TMS-evoked on LFPs by systematically increasing dose and changing location in two NHP. 2/5

We conclude the second day of the NIBS workshop with a presentation by @allysonrosen1 on clinical targeting imprecision with #TMS

The afternoon session of our Non-invasive Brain Stimulation workshop just started! We begin with a talk by @MariaLapidMD on an ongoing project using TMS to improve memory in mild cognitive impairment #TMS #TMStherapy #neuromodulation

A very important talk by Saydra Wilson, on inclusivity in brain stimulation research and clinical practice! #TMS #TMStherapy

Back for the afternoon session of our NIBS workshop. Next up, @DesmondOathes discussing the importance of brain imaging in neuromodulation treatment! #TMS #MRI #depression #TMStherapy

We are happy to have @MilesWischnews1 who is going to talk about how tACS can induce neural phase precession! #brainstimulation #tACS