ALT A) (i) Photograph of trabecular bone structure and (ii) fluorescence micrograph of auxetic patch fabricated through CLEAR. Scale bars, 10 mm. (B) Multimaterial CLEAR printing through the switching of liquid resins and visualized with different fluorescent tracers (yellow and gray). Fluorescence micrographs of a multimaterial hydrogel in the shape of (i) a lattice (z direction) and (ii) an axial patch (xy direction). Scale bars, 5 mm. (C) Photograph of stiff hydrogels processed into porous, flexible patches that (i) conform to an underlying curved substrate and (ii and iii) are extensible. Scale bars, 30 mm. Shape recovery without permanent deformation demonstrated through (D) (i to iv) compression of auxetic octet-truss lattice and (E) (i to iv) stretching of 3D coil. Scale bars, 10 (D) and 5 mm (E).

ALT Suspension bath printing of dynamic granular hydrogels to produce shape-morphing multi-material structures. a)Schematic of dynamic granular hydrogel design using temperature-responsive microgels. Temperature-responsive microgels reduce in volume when heated, resulting in macroscopic and microporous structure changes in granular hydrogels. b) Schematic of suspension bath printing using responsive granular ink and non-responsive granular bath to fabricate multi-material objects with programmed actuation. Printed structures are expected to actuate depending on the printed pattern design and bath shape.