David A. Markowitz retweeted
Great to see how some of our early work layed the foundation for this impressive breakthrough
This new post from @neuralink combines POYO-style spike tokenisation with a Mamba backbone, akin to our POSSM architecture, and explores self-supervised learning for these models, as we did recently with MOJO. Exciting to see these ideas supporting real-time BCI use! 🧵
David A. Markowitz retweeted
Wow, this sounds like an incredibly exciting and visionary initiative. The brain is the ultimate source of all our problems and possibilities, and there should be an all-hands-on-deck effort across government, industry, and private philanthropy to decipher its mysteries fully.
I hope we may accomplish the miracle of allowing your daughter to regain vivid sight soon.
At midnight on February 6th, earlier this year, the doorbell to our apartment rang. The doorbell was followed by a pounding on the door. I answered the door and a security person in our building handed me his phone. It was my oldest daughter Eloise. She had found my 26-year-old daughter unconscious on the floor of her apartment and had called 911. The EMT team was already there, but they did not know what was wrong with Lucy or to which hospital they would take her.
I threw on some clothes and jumped in an Uber heading east toward Brooklyn. (Lucy lived alone in Williamsburg.) On the way, I learned that they were taking her to Elmhurst, a City trauma hospital in Queens. I arrived about five minutes after the ambulance to join Eloise, Lucy’s mom, and a friend, and waited to learn what was wrong.
After about 15 minutes, I asked a nurse where she was. I looked over his shoulder to his computer. Next to her name, it said “non-responsive.” I walked into the emergency room and wandered around looking for her until I found her unconscious on a gurney surrounded by several doctors and nurses.
By about 2:30am with the results from a CAT scan, Lucy’s doctors had determined that she had a massive brain hemorrhage and would need an emergency hemicraniectomy to release the pressure on her brain and remove the blood from the hemorrhage. I called our wonderful friend and family doctor Eddie Fisher and explained what was going on. He woke up Josh Bederson, Chairman of Neurosurgery at Mount Sinai, to find out more about Zach Hickman, the neurosurgeon on call that night. Dr. Bederson said Hickman was an excellent surgeon, which was comforting as we had no choice.
The surgery to save Lucy’s life began around 3:15am and finished around 5:30am. It was successful.
The following day, I joined Lucy in an ambulance while she was being transferred to Mount Sinai on Madison Avenue. Later that day, we determined from Lucy’s Oura ring that her hemorrhage had occurred around 9am, which meant that more than 19 hours had passed from the time of the hemorrhage to the completion of the surgery to release the pressure on her brain (I only wish @ouraring had an alert for this kind of a medical event. Imagine it could call a family member if the wearer doesn’t cancel the alert).
I later learned that the standard of care is not to do surgery to save a patient with a large brain bleed if more than five hours have passed since the hemorrhage. Even when the surgery is done, I was told that the likely outcome for the patient is a few months in a nursing home and death from pneumonia.
When I met Lucy’s doctors, I did my best to inspire them: “Let’s see what can be accomplished if we give her the best care possible and we invest unlimited resources to restore her to life.” And I promised that whatever we learned we would make available to everyone.
Dr. Chris Kellner, her neurosurgeon, and Dr. David Putrino, Director of Rehabilitation Innovation for the Mount Sinai Health System have led Lucy’s care team since that day. Words cannot describe the remarkable and compassionate care that she has received beginning with the EMT team and then from nurses, doctors, therapists, and the army of people who have worked to save her and return her to life. To this day, we have a daily Zoom where we discuss her progress and make adjustments to her care. While her care and oversight have been incredible, the learnings for the Mount Sinai team have also been elucidating and will assist in the care of many others.
Lucy began in a bad place. She was in a coma for several weeks and then awoke not being able to breathe on her own, unable to walk, see or speak.
Over the last six months, she has recovered her cognition – she understands everything including her circumstance – is able to walk a hundred or more steps at a time with assistance, is making progress with sounds, vowels and consonants and the beginnings of speech, but she remains unable to see.
Each day, she makes a little progress, and daily progress compounds. Every day I tell her that she just needs to make a little progress and it won’t be long before she is back.
We remain optimistic that Lucy will return to normal function. It will likely take years, but I believe it is only a matter of time, hard work, and technological progress, along with some, and perhaps a lot, of divine intervention.
Many people have been praying for Lucy and we are incredibly grateful for the prayers and remarkable support she has received. Lucy’s friends have been with her every day since the beginning, and their presence and friendship have saved her life and helped to rebuild and maintain her spirit. And on a very positive note, Lucy’s challenge has brought together our entire modern family who have all been incredibly devoted to her care and recovery.
Lucy's vision and other faculties may require some form of brain computer interface, work that is underway at Neuralink, Precision Neuroscience, Science, Synchron, Nudge, and other companies in the space.
If you are going to have a devastating brain injury, now is the best time in history for that to happen. We are living in a world when you can be confident that the blind will soon see again. We are going to do everything we can to help make that happen, including by assisting existing companies in the space.
With respect to our promise to make Lucy’s care available to others, we have made good progress. In May, a real estate colleague made me aware of a 93% vacant, brand new, 400,000 square foot Class A+ purpose-built biotech facility on West End Avenue between 65th and 66th Streets that missed the market and was available for sale. The Pershing Square Foundation acquired the building 60 days later.
We also put under contract an adjoining 130,000 square foot building at 320 West 66th Street that is currently being used by Saturday Night Live for studio space. The building has 35-foot ceilings with massive column-free spaces that can be converted into superb rehabilitation facilities. We will close on the SNL building in December.
We are also acquiring an adjoining vacant lot with additional air rights. With just the existing zoning rights, we can add a 150,000 square feet for a total of 680,000 square feet, a lab footprint larger than Rockefeller University, and that’s without including the potential for an upzoning that would allow for substantially more buildable area on the site’s 3.4 acres with spectacular views of the Hudson.
Our goal is to build the world’s greatest brain research, rehabilitation, recovery, human optimization, and longevity institute. We have named it The Ackman Oxman Institute or the AOI for lack of a better name, but also to reinforce the point that Neri and I and our family are all-in on the mission.
The AOI will be patient-centric. It will not be an academic research institute that produces lots of papers, a Nobel Prize winner or two, but little if any results for patients. We will be laser-focused on cures, treatments, devices, rehabilitation and exercise equipment, and targeted and basic research with a goal of massively accelerating the time from idea to innovation to production to helping a patient.
While the AOI will be a non-profit, it will have highly commercial instincts. The AOI will have its own venture funding and will work to develop innovations to create companies that we will seed, assist, and spinout to ensure technologies, treatments, techniques, and drugs get to patients as promptly as possible.
On one 3.4 acre campus in what is still the greatest city in the world, we will do neurosurgery, neuroscience, rehabilitation, nutrition, BCI and device development, human trials, hyperbaric oxygen treatments, and life extension programs, and we will mandate and incentivize collaboration among the teams with no silos, politics, bureaucracy, or any other constraint that is inconsistent with the mission.
Mount Sinai will be an important partner and deservedly so, but it won’t be our only hospital or medical school partner as we don’t believe any institution has a monopoly on the best ideas or the best talent. We don’t believe in exclusive relationships because that is not in the best interest of patients.
Five years ago, we considered launching a brain institute inspired by Neri’s mom who sadly died from Alzheimer’s. We couldn’t make the math work as the real estate was too expensive and we believed it would be too difficult to recruit the best talent from universities to our effort.
Since then, the real estate became available at a 70% discount, universities became a much less attractive place to work due to politics outweighing meritocracy, protests that disrupt learning, the curse of antisemitism, and a decline in funding. Fortunately, during the same time, I made sufficient personal economic progress to make the AOI possible.
The advance of AI in the last few years will also enable us to greatly accelerate our mission. AI still has a lot to learn about human intelligence and the brain, and the AOI should be at the forefront of the interplay between the brain and AI.
Today, I am making a public filing disclosing a gift from Neri and me of ~$400 million or 10,000,000 shares of Pershing Square Inc. (PS) to the AOI. It is very early days for Pershing Square so these shares are intended to anchor the long-term work of the AOI as the shares compound over time while generating what we expect will be a growing stream of quarterly dividends to fund the Institute.
We will also be announcing an additional gift of similar and potentially greater size which won’t be in the form of Pershing Square stock to provide the AOI with the short- and intermediate-term runway necessary to enable it to achieve its goal of becoming a self-sustaining institute, which reinvests all of its revenues, royalties, and the economic rewards of company formation to advance the fields of brain health and human longevity.
Neri and I have chosen to anchor the funding of the AOI to maintain vision alignment and limit the need for the organization to focus on fundraising. We expect the AOI to be the best-resourced brain, rehab, recovery, and longevity institute in the world.
We are grateful to have been able to form a board which includes Dean Kamen (our generation’s Thomas Edison), George Yancopoulus (CEO of Regeneron), James Rothman (Nobel Laureate), Bernardo Sabatini (neuroscientist), Chris Kellner (neurosurgeon), Olivia Flatto (CEO Pershing Square Foundation), Neri Oxman, and myself.
We have recently identified a CEO who we expect to announce by October along with other key hires, and are beginning searches for a Chief Scientific Officer, a Chief AI/Technology Officer, a Chief Operating Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, and other key leadership roles.
If you find what we are building compelling and want to be part of the leadership team that creates and builds the AOI from a standing start, please send an email to: [email protected] with a short note as to why you believe you can help. Please include your best three ideas for the AOI along with a summary of your background and your most important accomplishments.
We promise strict confidentiality to those expressing interest in working with us.
We have learned from Lucy that the brain can recover from even catastrophic injury. There is so much more work to be done as the mind is a terrible thing to waste.
For details from my Pershing Square SEC filing see:
sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/…
David A. Markowitz retweeted
“Storytelling” can sound like fluff.
But for emerging technologies, it is infrastructure.
Neurotech won’t be adopted on technical merit alone. It needs public pull: a shared desire for the future it enables, grounded in the real benefits it’s already delivering.
A new Roadmap, the third in the PL Neuro series, makes the case for building the narrative infrastructure the world needs to understand this technology.
🔗 bit.ly/4cwQpvy
David A. Markowitz retweeted
In my inaugural Substack post, I explore the role of philanthropy in promoting AI moonshots.
Although the private sector will invest in many AI applications, philanthropy can play a critical role in harnessing AI to accelerate the development of vaccines for diseases of the poor, climate-resilient crops, and safe replacements for “forever” chemicals. Philanthropists can have an enormous impact by supporting the “public goods” for these applications, such as open datasets and well-designed benchmarks.
I am very excited by the partnerships that @RenPhilanthropy has with philanthropists to use AI to double the rate of student learning outcomes in middle school math, expand access to benefits for low-income families, fight climate change, develop targeted cancer therapies, and transform fundamental math. Link in the reply.
David A. Markowitz retweeted
How to make frontier AI models safer and accelerate drug discovery with the connectome. We are featured in this @IFP article by @AdamMarblestone & @Andrew_C_Payne
Replying to @AlecStapp
2. @AdamMarblestone & @Andrew_C_Payne on how to map the mammalian brain’s connectome to solve fundamental problems in neuroscience, psychology, and AI robustness: ifp.org/mapping-the-brain-fo…
David A. Markowitz retweeted
My rule of thumb for successful ARPA programs is "If it doesn't constantly feel like everyone is on the verge of failure and you need to troubleshoot everything, then you haven't set appropriately ambitious goals." I call it the Art of the Impossible 🙂
David A. Markowitz retweeted
Video thread containing the individual videos that accompanied the MICrONS paper package out last week. Not science explainer videos, more like "A trailer for a paper...Not intended to be a replacement for reading, but hopefully they make you want to:
nature.com/immersive/d42859-…
David A. Markowitz retweeted
“The MICrONS advances published in this special issue of Nature are a watershed moment for neuroscience, comparable to the Human Genome Project in their transformative potential"
David A. Markowitz retweeted
Eye candy alert. @Nature made an immersive landing page for MICrONS. nature.com/immersive/d42859-…
David A. Markowitz retweeted
One of the toughest things about science reporting: bucking the lone hero narrative. When your word count is limited and you want to keep things clear and streamlined for the reader, it's easy to use just one spokesperson for a team.
But that's not how science actually is. 1/
David A. Markowitz retweeted
E11 Bio is excited to share a major step towards brain mapping at 100x lower cost, making whole-brain connectomics at human & mouse scale feasible (🧠→🔬→💻). Critical for curing brain disorders, building human-like AI systems, and even simulating human brains. 1/N 🧵
David A. Markowitz retweeted
Congrats to Dr Wang and the entire @ARPAE team!
Another milestone worth celebrating - I believe this also marks an exciting first that all of the current ARPA leaders are women! @ARPA_H @DARPA @IARPAnews
Here's to progress, service & an innovative and impactful 2023 to all!
The United States Senate confirmed Dr. Evelyn Wang to serve as the next Director of ARPA-E.
Dr. Wang will bring to ARPA-E 20+ years of experience in driving energy innovation technologies.
Read more about Dr. Wang in ARPA-E’s latest blog: bit.ly/3vgHPLm
David A. Markowitz retweeted
Replying to @AToliasLab @DavidAMarkowitz
David A. Markowitz retweeted
DNA checks the boxes… ✅ energy efficient, ✅ long term, ✅ always relevant, ✅ dense, ✅ really freaking cool as a storage medium.
@GTRI @IARPAnews @DavidAMarkowitz #MIST By @ScolesSarah @PopSci
popsci.com/technology/storin…
David A. Markowitz retweeted
Today, the United States has a new confirmed science advisor to the President serving in the cabinet @WHOSTP , a new @NCIDirector , and soon, an inaugural director of ARPA-H @rwegrzyn. All are beyond qualified and all are women. It’s a good day for science. 1/2
David A. Markowitz retweeted
Today, @NIH announced two transformative BRAIN Initiative projects: The BRAIN InitiativeCell Atlas Network (11 grants totaling $100M annually over 5 yrs) and the Armamentarium for Precision Brain Cell Access (7 grants totaling $36M over 3 yrs) tinyurl.com/2fzwjc3b #studyBRAIN
David A. Markowitz retweeted
Here is a thing I wrote highlighting the clear benefits of online conferences.
Look at the data. Think about who is excluded by doing things the way we always have.
smallpondscience.com/2022/02…
David A. Markowitz retweeted
Liver damage is among the greatest safety concerns with AAV gene therapy — also the culprit for the 4 Astellas deaths
Academic labs and biotechs have been devoting significant resources for safer, more targeted tech, but most of it is still quite early
(directorsblog.nih.gov/tag/my…)
Two kids have died from liver failure after receiving Novartis' SMA gene therapy Zolgensma, @edsilverman reports.
Liver failure had been seen in trials for the life-saving drugs, but these are the first deaths.
statnews.com/pharmalot/2022/…
David A. Markowitz retweeted
The CHIPS and Science Act became law yesterday, and it's riddled with provisions that stand to impact the U.S. bioeconomy.
What's the bioeconomy, and why is it a U.S. priority?
In what ways could the law affect the bioeconomy?
How can you help shape implementation?
🧵
David A. Markowitz retweeted
Our @NatureBiotech article introduces a framework for multiplicatively increasing the throughput of sensitive proteomics: nature.com/articles/s41587-0…
The concept is demonstrated with a 3-plexDIA, and we expect it to scale to high-plexDIA, especially for single-cell proteomics.
Proteomics should be sensitive, accurate, fast, robust & affordable.
👉 Welcome plexDIA!
Proteins / sample: ~ 8,000
Sample size: 500 ng
Samples / day: 48 (should be 72 with Evosep)
MS system: 1st generation QE classic
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/…





























