🔴𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐘 𝐈𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐓 𝐓𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐒𝐓𝐔𝐃𝐘 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐠𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐮𝐧𝐧𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐝! 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐬 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐃𝟒 𝐓 𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐥 𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐋𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐂𝐎𝐕𝐈𝐃. 📚link.springer.com/article/10… 𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭? 1️⃣ Because it shows an increase in CD4 T cells being 𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 in clearing the infection. 2️⃣ If we add these results with those of the other recently published article 📚 (nature.com/articles/s41590-0… ), it also explains that although IFN-γ levels increase chronically, it is incapable in the elimination of SARs-CoV-2 reservoirs in macrophages of different tissues due to the immunosuppressive environment they generate by releasing IL-10. 𝐀𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐁𝐕, B cells with latency of this virus generate reservoirs of cells that release IL-10 together with other factors that prevent T cells from eliminating them. In other words, there are continuous reservoirs that cannot be eliminated by this evasion microenvironment but continuously release viral material outside to which T cells and innate immunity respond. 3️⃣ This eventually leads to 𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐞 "𝐞𝐱𝐡𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧" 𝐨𝐟 𝐓 𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐬 as they are continually responding to viral antigens from viral reservoirs. In other words, they stop responding effectively. 4️⃣ It also explains the increase in 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐨𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 in Long COVID patients as an increase in CD4 T levels in response to chronic exposures to viral antigens in various tissues can lead to an increase in autoimmune response. It is common to have autoantibodies during viral infections that disappear after clearance, but if this becomes chronic autoimmunity would develop. 5️⃣ 𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐦𝐚𝐲 𝐰𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐢𝐟 𝐂𝐃𝟒 𝐓 𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐩𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧-𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐫 𝐯𝐢𝐫𝐮𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬? Because EBV is a very intelligent virus, since it uses the increase of IFN-γ that appears during other infections/inflammation to infect more cells, since IFN-γ increases the expression of MHC-II, and this protein is where EBV infects. In addition, the latent reservoirs of EBV (ectopic lymphoid aggregates) take advantage of the increase in antigen presentations to move from latent to lytic phase, increasing the release of virions. And if we add that these cells are "exhausted" they cannot effectively control latent viruses either. 6️⃣ 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐝𝐨𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐓𝐂𝐃𝟒 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐝𝐨 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐟𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐞? An increase in the activation of these cells leads to an increase in their metabolism and an increase in the release of proinflammatory cytokines that result in ongoing oxidative stress. In addition, there is a continuous response of innate immunity because adaptive immunity (CD4 and CD8 T cells) cannot control the infection, thus further increasing oxidative stress. This oxidative stress is responsible for most of the symptoms. For example, if it increases in the CNS, it leads to neuroinflammation and fatigue. 7️⃣ 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐓𝐂𝐃𝟒 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐡𝐲𝐩𝐨𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐦? Well, a direct relationship. The greater the TCD4 response and innate immunity, the greater the inflammation and the greater the cortisol consumption. Moreover, chronic inflammation can also inhibit ACTH production and thus cortisol production. For this reason, in the short term, some patients with hypocortisolism improve with corticosteroids, but in the long term they worsen because infection increases due to their immunosuppressive effect. All this follows the same line of 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥 of the disease that links the development of an acquired immunodeficiency with the symptomatological consequences in both Long COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis diseases. Link to our model: translational-medicine.biome… 🔄 Share it with other patients so they can understand their disease - 𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐥𝐞𝐝𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫! 📚 #LongCOVID #MECFS #MyalgicEncephalomyelitis #Autoimmune #lupus #RheumatoidArthritis #MultipleSclerosis #Hashimotos #Sjogrens #CrohnsDisease #UlcerativeColitis #CeliacDisease #Health #Research #News #microE2324 #Medicine #ChronicDiseases #SARSCOV2 #COVID #LongHaulers #MCAS #ME #MyE #CFS @zalaly @WesElyMD @VirusesImmunity @MichaelPelusoMD @resiapretorius @DrAnnaNZ @dbkell @doctor_zeest @dsethlewis @remissionbiome @aftab_usa @edyong209 @exceedhergrasp1 @PlzSolveCFS @long_covid @LCawarenessInt @calirunnerdoc @LongCovidNews @LongCovidAP. @postviraltrials @patientled @loscharlos @ahandvanish @PatientPersists @LisaAMcCorkell @PutrinoLab @doctorasadkhan @MEActNet @LCAIreland @LongCovidAdvoc @LongCovidSOS @loscharlos @EricTopol @chydorina @SarahOC_MECFS @ahandvanish @DoctorsWithME @aboutmecfs @MarekSJF @mecfsambassador @benh_mecfs @MECFSNews @exceedhergrasp1 @mercheborja @MEAssociation @TheClutterer @LongCOVIDPhysio @organichemusic @C19LH_Advocacy @organichemusic