Electricity reached factories in 1882. Factory productivity didn't move for almost 40 years. The motor was never the bottleneck, and the same thing is happening to AI right now. Edison's Pearl Street station opened in New York in 1882. By 1899, electric motors powered less than 5% of machinery in American factories. A skeptic in 1900 could point at the dynamo and say it was everywhere except the productivity statistics. He'd have been right. The reason is the shape of the building. Steam factories ran off one giant engine turning a central shaft, with belts and pulleys dragging power to every machine. Everything had to sit close to the engine, so factories were stacked five stories high around it, and the machines were arranged by distance to the shaft rather than by the order work actually flowed. When electricity arrived, owners did the obvious thing. They pulled out the steam engine, bolted a big electric motor to the same shaft, and kept everything else. Same belts, same layout, same workflow. Economists call it group drive. It saved a little coal and changed nothing. The gains only showed up in the 1920s, when a new generation of factories put a small motor inside every machine. That let them tear out the shafts, spread onto a single floor, and lay the machines out in the order the product moved. Manufacturing productivity grew more than 5% a year through that decade. Electricity accounted for roughly half of it. Four decades after the plug went in. Now run the last three years through that lens. GPT-4 arrived and every company did group drive. They hooked a chatbot to a workflow designed for humans and kept the org chart, the approval chain, and the software stack exactly as they were. That is why the disruption Sam expected never showed up on schedule. Nobody rebuilt the floor. Unit drive for AI means rebuilding the process around the agent instead of the person, and that requires ripping out working systems that still make money. In 1900 no owner would scrap a serviceable plant to find out. In 2026 no CIO will scrap a serviceable Salesforce instance either. The technology is ahead of Sam's 2023 timeline. The buildings are 30 years behind it.