Dario’s main claim is that laws have *not* kept pace with AI use because of its ability to sort through mountains of data, which has been nearly impossible until recently. Therefore, the reason Anthropic specifically points to is not mass surveillance, but rather “all lawful purposes.” Due to the law's limited scope (which doesn't fully account for LLMs), we’ve been effectively saved from mass surveillance by the lack of technology that can make sense of mountains of data. That is no longer the case, which is why Anthropic was so adamant about adding the phrase “no mass surveillance” rather than “all lawful purposes.” In other words, it seems likely that using LLMs to filter through mountains of surveillance data falls within the purview of the law, and Anthropic did not want to remove its clause because it knew the law had not adapted to our new reality. So, it seems to me that in OpenAI’s case, it’s partially dependent on their ability to detect when the DoW is using their models to analyze all the mass surveillance data. They will have a “safety stack” for the models, but will the models really block reading through data for mass surveillance? Between API calls, it may look incredibly innocuous compared to biosecurity. More importantly, the kind of work the DoW is trying to do *may* actually be completely within the law, but it still significantly enhances their ability to conduct mass surveillance under the current state of the law. With that in mind, how will OpenAI avoid getting sued by the DoW when they ask OpenAI to do the “lawful actions” that significantly help with mass surveillance? At that point, OpenAI has three options. They comply, which means the safety stack isn’t a real guardrail. They refuse, and the DoW sues for breach of contract because the lead clause of the contract they signed grants “all lawful purposes,” and the action is lawful. Or they refuse, don’t get sued, but get the Anthropic treatment: a supply chain risk designation, a federal ban, and public attacks from the president. It seems that if it goes to court, they will almost certainly lose. So, what happens if they are pressured?