This topic is more complicated than it looks. As an industry, we've definitely made a lot of progress in cyber over the years. But this is different, very different from what we've dealt with before. Look at the spike in fixed vulnerabilities across all the big vendors. And this isn’t a one-off event, it's a continuous trend. What it shows is that our understanding of cybersecurity in general is right, but the way we've solved these problems in the past is not. AI is exposing all the obscurity and complexity across the tech stack, including hardware, in exactly the places where problems were traditionally hard for human researchers to find. At the same time, threat actors are getting a force multiplier from AI without investing in new resources or building new expertise. And on top of that, every new model outpaces the previous one, so yesterday's statements and assumptions quickly become wrong. This isn't a static risk. It's highly dynamic, and things are changing and escalating far faster than the industry, or the tech stack, can react.

Another point, the HW and FW security boundaries are our last frontier for building real hardwired boundaries for virtualization, memory isolation, and hardened agent sandboxing. In the end, the whole confidential computing movement is more about cloud cost optimization than anything else. It's just broken by design, you can't build a secure stack if what's underneath has been broken for many years.

The era of AI requires a significant paradigm shift in the hardware and firmware layers. Today we are building on top of hardware and computational primitives that were defined decades ago, and they don’t serve us well for the future of AI infrastructure at the current exponential scale. If you look back at history, it’s always outdated patterns that hold us back from progress. Every transformational shift happens when we invent a new paradigm that defines the next breakthrough in technology evolution. I’m very excited about it, and it’s time to build an AI-native hardware ecosystem.