New paper in Heart compares vaccinated to unvaccinated with respect to cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia/cardiac arrest, myocarditis and clotting events including strokes, thrombosis deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and venous thromboembolism through 1, 2, 6, and 12 months in electronic medical record cohorts of 20 million from UK, Spain and Estonian. They adjust for measured cofounders using propensity scores weighting, adjust for unmeasured confounders using negative controls, and federated learning to combine data across countries. All events had significantly lower risk through 1m including myocarditis, and most through 12 months, providing strong evidence vaccination rollouts substantially reduced risk of cardiovascular events. heart.bmj.com/content/early/…