Kiran Jonnalagadda retweeted
Three cartoons which the Modi Sarkar didn't want to be seen by Indians on Instagram. (The first cartoon was blocked TWICE in three days, I presume, just to speed up the profile-blocking process)
If you have Instagram account, please DON'T post these cartoons on Instagram, just to STOP more Indians from seeing them! #BlockSarkar
Kiran Jonnalagadda retweeted
the emudhra thing is insane when you actually think about it
a private key is supposed to be a number so big no computer on earth can guess it. 116 digits.
emudhra's was 4
not 4 digits. four.
this is india's biggest certificate authority. govt sites, PSUs, banks all run on their trust. and for a year and a half anyone who looked could've forged certs for any website on the planet
a random guy found it on a saturday and had the keys in milliseconds
no hack. no leak. they just never checked their own output
International Cyber Digest@IntCyberDigest16hEurope!
EuropeConnected via Europe App StoreLocation may be affected by a proxy or VPN.Account-level information, not a live location or per-post device.
‼️ BREAKING: The private keys of 8 certificates from Indian certificate authority eMudhra were compromised, Mozilla says. Firefox blocked them within 3 hours.
Each key should be a 116-digit number, but one was just 4.
Anyone can guess them and forge HTTPS certs for any website.
Kiran Jonnalagadda retweeted
News: We now know how eMudhra broke its CA keys. They were not stolen. They were tiny numbers: 4, 56, 66, 115, 155, 156, 230 and 237.
What happened: On Oct 17 a researcher named Wayne found he could recover the private keys of eight eMudhra intermediate CAs from their public certificates. He signed "We have a problem here - Wayne" with each key and sent it to the browser root programs. Mozilla rebuilt the keys on its own the same day.
Who is hit: Six of the CAs issue TLS certs and chain to emSign ECC Root CA - G3, trusted by Chrome, Firefox, Apple and Microsoft. Two sign code. Sectigo cross-signed all eight under "AAA Certificate Services".
How eMudhra got it wrong: These are ECDSA P-384 keys. A real one is a random number about 116 digits long. All eight were below 256, so you only need to try 255 values. eMudhra says that at an April 2025 key ceremony on Utimaco HSMs, it changed its usual steps to test key wrap/unwrap for export. A bug in its script made a second, weak set of keys. Staff then used the weak keys for the CSRs by mistake, because the key labels looked alike. eMudhra is still hunting the exact bug.
Why browsers were safe: No certs from these CAs appear in CT logs, and Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Edge reject unlogged certs. eMudhra says none of the eight issued end-entity certs. But curl, scripts, apps and devices that skip CT and revocation checks could have been fooled since April 2025. No one knows if that happened.
What to do now:
- Update ca-certificates (Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Alpine, Arch)
- NSS 3.131.1, Firefox 158.0.1
- Go 1.27.3 or 1.26.10, certifi 2026.10.19, pip 26.2.2, uv 0.13.4
- Node.js and Bun: fix pending
- macOS /usr/bin/curl still uses the old /etc/ssl/cert.pem
- Sites on emSign ECC Root CA - G3: Chrome drops that root Oct 27. Get a new cert now. eMudhra says about 30,000 certs must move.
bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bu…
Kiran Jonnalagadda retweeted
the good thing about the eMudhra CA private key mess is that we can finally use https on localhost
Kiran Jonnalagadda retweeted
Once all the CA cert store updates (and cert-pinning) is done, it will be great for people reverse engineering software on their own devices.
In a way, eMudhra has taken one for the team and contributed towards open source research:
xitter.cf/meowkoteeq/status/2112…
Kiran Jonnalagadda retweeted
just mitm'd TLS on an iPod Touch 4 without installing a CA cert on it
this thing is never getting a security update! just like many IoT devices (if they ship with any global root cas at all...)
Kiran Jonnalagadda retweeted
Yet the experience with Legos are weirdly *worse* today than ever before.
By being capable of building complex and hyper-detailed objects -- the entire experience has also become more brittle and less fun.
Build the super-granular-perfect copy of the Space Shuttle or nothing. A lot less screwing around and building goofy stuff for fun.
Source: my kids
On some level, you can measure our increasing economic and industrial sophistication by Lego sets
The base thing — injection-molded plastic bricks — has existed for nearly 80 years.
But the sets today are vastly more sophisticated than the ones of the past. They have way more bricks. The bricks are much more detailed, and some pieces have much finer textures. The printing on them is also far more detailed, more colorful, and more durable today.
At every point in time, these Lego pieces reflect the frontier of what you can do in terms of small injection-molded plastics at a cost of about 10 cents/piece, less margin. That makes this a neat and accessible manufacturing frontier to track.
The base thing is the same. But all the improvements reflect better industrial machinery, discovery of better processes, and other advances in plastics manufacturing.
Kiran Jonnalagadda retweeted
Statement : SBI has told the stock exchanges about its data breach, but not the customers whose data was leaked
New Delhi, 21 October 2026
Today, the State Bank of India told the BSE and the National Stock Exchange, in a disclosure under Regulation 30 of the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015, that it has experienced an incident involving the loss of customer data. On 16 October 2026 the bank received alerts from its threat intelligence service provider, the Defence Cyber Agency and CERT-In that its customers’ data was available on the dark web. Its preliminary analysis of about 3.75 lakh records found 3,897 customer records containing personal information. These include registered mobile numbers, dates of birth, names, gender, email addresses, residential addresses, branch and CIF identifiers, lead IDs and details linked to loan records. The bank says it does not yet know where the data came from, and it has engaged a CERT-In empanelled agency to find out.
SBI did not detect this breach itself and learnt of it from outside agencies after the data had already been published. On the same day, a threat monitoring account on X flagged a claim by a group calling itself “Siriusim” that it had released 3.75 lakh rows of SBI data and 2,722 PDF documents, including loan applications and account opening forms. The bank’s disclosure does not mention these documents. It also does not say what the remaining records, beyond the 3,897 it has identified, contain.
At the time of this statement, SBI has not said that it has informed any of the affected customers, and its disclosure is silent on the point. Five days passed between the alert and today’s filing. The filing assures investors that the incident has no material impact on the bank’s operations, financial performance or business continuity. However, it does not state anything to the 3,897 people whose phone numbers, dates of birth and home addresses are now with fraudsters. These customers are the most likely to receive calls from persons posing as SBI officials who can recite their account details back to them. A customer cannot guard against a fraud she has not been warned of.
The Internet Freedom Foundation calls on SBI to inform every affected customer directly and without further delay.
We regret to note that the law in force today does not compel the bank to do so. Section 8(6) of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 requires a Data Fiduciary to intimate a personal data breach to the Data Protection Board and to each affected Data Principal, and Rule 7 of the DPDP Rules, 2025 prescribes how this is to be done. But the Union Government chose a staggered commencement, and these provisions will take effect only on 13 May 2027, nearly four years after Parliament enacted the law. The reporting obligations that apply today, under the CERT-In Directions of 28 April 2022 and the RBI’s cyber security framework for banks, are owed to regulators and not to customers. A listed bank is bound to keep the stock exchanges informed. No law in force clearly binds it to inform the people whose data it holds.
Our demands
1. SBI must inform each affected customer by SMS, email and letter to the registered address, in English, Hindi and the language of the customer’s branch, stating what data was exposed and what steps they should take. It should open a dedicated helpline and an online facility for customers to check whether their data is affected.
2. SBI must state what the 3.75 lakh records and the 2,722 documents contain, how many customers they relate to, and whether they include KYC documents such as Aadhaar, PAN or passport copies.
3. When the investigation concludes, SBI must disclose how the data left its systems, including whether it came through a vendor or a direct selling agent, and publish a summary of the investigating agency’s findings.
4. The Reserve Bank of India should direct all regulated entities to notify customers of personal data breaches within a fixed period, pending the commencement of the DPDP Act.
5. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology should bring Section 8(6) of the DPDP Act and Rule 7 of the DPDP Rules into force immediately.
Kiran Jonnalagadda retweeted
मुंबई पुलिस ने इन सभी ट्विटर अकाउंट को डॉक्यूमेंट्री शेयर करने के लिए नोटिस भेजा है।
Kiran Jonnalagadda retweeted
They blocked Sabeer’s video. But watch it here to see how Adani & Modi stole India.
one of eMudhra’s CA private keys was literally 4. google and mozilla acted within hours.
MeitY’s CCA licenses eMudhra. CERT-In hasn’t issued a public advisory till now. eMudhra works as a technology provider for government project.
literally zero accountability.
private keys from 8 intermediate CA certs have been compromised (eMudhra)
Happy "Update everything" day to all my pager-carrying friends
emudhra.we-have-a-problem.co…
Kiran Jonnalagadda retweeted
All major browsers Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Internet explorer have all blocked eMudhra - Indian CA TLS certs for websites because they used a very generic private key {literally - 4} to issue crypto certs. Govt websites will be hard to access in India 😂
arstechnica.com/security/202…
Kiran Jonnalagadda retweeted
For the next few days or weeks, anyone now has a root CA thanks to eMudhra. Time to have some fun with MiTMing unwilling devices!
Kiran Jonnalagadda retweeted
eMudhra private key was just “4”
Wtf? What an unserious CA.
This 13-foot wall ecosystem of India continues to do cybersecurity from kindergarten
Kiran Jonnalagadda retweeted
Emudhra digital certificates have been compromised.
Best of luck filing your GST, ROC ...or any income tax filings that need DSC.
I think the govt needs to put out a TV advisory. You need to upgrade your browsers and root stores all across India.
emudhra.we-have-a-problem.co… – at San Francisco, CA










































