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Joined October 2009
Boris | Building smart products retweeted
Best accounts to follow from each frontier lab to stay constantly up to date Anthropic @karpathy - must-follow account for AI; recently joined Anthropic @bcherny - Claude Code creator, always shares great tips @trq212 - also a Claude Code developer; writes amazing articles on CC OpenAI @polynoamial - works on reasoning research, shares a lot of technical details @gabriel1 - Sora developer, great career path @jxnlco - works on dev experience, shares a lot about Codex Google AI @OfficialLoganK - all the major Google Gemini and AI Studio updates @ammaar - product and design; shares great things about vibe-coding in Google AI Studio @fofrAI - cool use cases for generative models Cursor @leerob - the loudest voice behind Cursor updates @ericzakariasson - shares great insights on using Cursor @mntruell - Cursor’s CEO; major releases and usage updates xAI @milichab - recently joined xAI, shares updates on Grok @skcd42 - also covers major Grok releases @ai_explorer25 - covers all ai content and free resources
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Boris | Building smart products retweeted
It's been really fun leveraging @bot for GTM! Have spent a few weeks iterating on some of my workflows, so I wanted to share how I use Grok Bot at SpaceXAI.
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Boris | Building smart products retweeted
Wow, this tweet went very viral! I wanted share a possibly slightly improved version of the tweet in an "idea file". The idea of the idea file is that in this era of LLM agents, there is less of a point/need of sharing the specific code/app, you just share the idea, then the other person's agent customizes & builds it for your specific needs. So here's the idea in a gist format: gist.github.com/karpathy/442… You can give this to your agent and it can build you your own LLM wiki and guide you on how to use it etc. It's intentionally kept a little bit abstract/vague because there are so many directions to take this in. And ofc, people can adjust the idea or contribute their own in the Discussion which is cool.
LLM Knowledge Bases Something I'm finding very useful recently: using LLMs to build personal knowledge bases for various topics of research interest. In this way, a large fraction of my recent token throughput is going less into manipulating code, and more into manipulating knowledge (stored as markdown and images). The latest LLMs are quite good at it. So: Data ingest: I index source documents (articles, papers, repos, datasets, images, etc.) into a raw/ directory, then I use an LLM to incrementally "compile" a wiki, which is just a collection of .md files in a directory structure. The wiki includes summaries of all the data in raw/, backlinks, and then it categorizes data into concepts, writes articles for them, and links them all. To convert web articles into .md files I like to use the Obsidian Web Clipper extension, and then I also use a hotkey to download all the related images to local so that my LLM can easily reference them. IDE: I use Obsidian as the IDE "frontend" where I can view the raw data, the the compiled wiki, and the derived visualizations. Important to note that the LLM writes and maintains all of the data of the wiki, I rarely touch it directly. I've played with a few Obsidian plugins to render and view data in other ways (e.g. Marp for slides). Q&A: Where things get interesting is that once your wiki is big enough (e.g. mine on some recent research is ~100 articles and ~400K words), you can ask your LLM agent all kinds of complex questions against the wiki, and it will go off, research the answers, etc. I thought I had to reach for fancy RAG, but the LLM has been pretty good about auto-maintaining index files and brief summaries of all the documents and it reads all the important related data fairly easily at this ~small scale. Output: Instead of getting answers in text/terminal, I like to have it render markdown files for me, or slide shows (Marp format), or matplotlib images, all of which I then view again in Obsidian. You can imagine many other visual output formats depending on the query. Often, I end up "filing" the outputs back into the wiki to enhance it for further queries. So my own explorations and queries always "add up" in the knowledge base. Linting: I've run some LLM "health checks" over the wiki to e.g. find inconsistent data, impute missing data (with web searchers), find interesting connections for new article candidates, etc., to incrementally clean up the wiki and enhance its overall data integrity. The LLMs are quite good at suggesting further questions to ask and look into. Extra tools: I find myself developing additional tools to process the data, e.g. I vibe coded a small and naive search engine over the wiki, which I both use directly (in a web ui), but more often I want to hand it off to an LLM via CLI as a tool for larger queries. Further explorations: As the repo grows, the natural desire is to also think about synthetic data generation + finetuning to have your LLM "know" the data in its weights instead of just context windows. TLDR: raw data from a given number of sources is collected, then compiled by an LLM into a .md wiki, then operated on by various CLIs by the LLM to do Q&A and to incrementally enhance the wiki, and all of it viewable in Obsidian. You rarely ever write or edit the wiki manually, it's the domain of the LLM. I think there is room here for an incredible new product instead of a hacky collection of scripts.
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Your AI agent doesn't have a memory problem. It has a forgetting problem. The fix isn't bigger context windows — it's consolidation. Same way your brain works during sleep.
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Your AI agent doesn't have a memory problem. It has a forgetting problem. The difference matters more than you think.
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Your AI agent has a 1M token context window but can't remember what you said yesterday. The memory problem isn't about storage—it's about consolidation. Your brain does it during sleep. Your agent needs to do it too.
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Your second brain isn't broken because of the tool. It's broken because you built a filing cabinet when you needed a thinking partner.
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Your second brain isn't your notes app. It's the system that surfaces the right note at the right time without you searching for it.
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Your second brain isn't about storing everything. It's about forgetting safely. The difference between hoarding and knowledge management is retrieval.
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Your second brain doesn't need 47 plugins. It needs one habit: write things down before you forget them.
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The best PKM system isn't the one with the most features. It's the one you actually use when your brain is fried at 11pm.
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Visa says 2025 was the last year consumers shop alone. AI agents are already making purchases, negotiating prices, and executing transactions. The question isn't whether agents will participate in the economy. It's whether the economy is ready for them.
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Perplexity built a Mac Mini that runs AI agents 24/7 on your desk. This is the right direction. Your agent should live on YOUR hardware, not someone else's cloud. Local-first AI isn't a privacy feature. It's an ownership model.
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The next billion-dollar AI opportunity isn't another content generator. It's the definitive content reducer. The AI that helps people see less — but see better.
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Atlassian cuts 1,600 people to "pivot to AI." Every enterprise software company is realizing the same thing: their product is a UI wrapper around workflows AI can handle directly. The companies that survive will become infrastructure, not interfaces.
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We solved how to make agents smart. We haven't solved how to make them accountable. No identity layer means no reputation. No reputation means no trust. No trust means every agent interaction starts from zero. That's the actual bottleneck — not intelligence.
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The best infrastructure is the one you never think about. That's the bar for agent communication protocols.
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