🏆 HISTORY. MADE. AGAIN. 💚🇵🇭 Alex Eala captures the biggest title of her career, defeating Jessica Pegula 4-6, 6-4, 6-0 to become the @mubadaladcopen champion! What a comeback. What a statement. 💪

The American Heart Association mourns the passing of the legendary cardiologist Eugene Braunwald, M.D., widely recognized as one of the most influential figures in the history of cardiovascular medicine. Over seven decades, his work reshaped the understanding and treatment of heart disease, leading many to call him the father of modern cardiology. Braunwald was a lifelong contributor to the American Heart Association, helping advance its research and scientific mission, and was honored with some of the Association’s highest honors for his lasting influence on cardiovascular care and research. His influence extended well beyond his own discoveries, as generations of Association‑supported investigators, clinicians and academic leaders were trained by Braunwald or guided by the clinical trial standards and mentorship models he helped establish. newsroom.heart.org/news/amer…

👉Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Drug Development 👉JACC State-of-the-Art Review 1️⃣ Not all biomarkers are created equal. LDL-C is. It sits directly on the causal pathway of atherosclerosis—not adjacent, not associative, but causal. 2️⃣ Mechanism matters. LDL-C is “on-pathway.” If you don’t lower LDL-C, you don’t meaningfully alter atherosclerotic biology. 3️⃣ Exposure–response is clean and monotonic. Lower LDL-C → lower risk. No paradoxes, no U-shapes. 4️⃣ Consistency across therapies is unmatched. Statins, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, inclisiran, now oral PCSK9 inhibition—different mechanisms, same direction: ↓LDL-C → ↓events. 5️⃣ Trial-level validation? ✅ Individual-level validation? ✅ Decades of RCTs confirm that LDL-C reduction predicts and delivers cardiovascular benefit. ☝️Regulatory gold standard. LDL-C is one of the very few biomarkers accepted as a validated surrogate endpoint for cardiovascular outcomes . •Contrast that with the usual suspects: •hs-CRP → inconsistent •NT-proBNP → useful, not universal •HDL-C → biologically appealing, clinically disappointing •Triglycerides → context-dependent •Lp(a) → promising, still awaiting definitive outcome linkage ☝️Key distinction: Most biomarkers predict risk. LDL-C modifies risk. •Clinical implication: If your strategy doesn’t aggressively reduce cumulative LDL-C exposure, you’re managing numbers—not disease. 📍Bottom line: LDL-C is not just another biomarker. It’s the central operational variable of atherosclerosis—the closest thing cardiology has to a “dose of disease.” 🔓Open access 🔗 jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.… @JACCJournals @ACCinTouch @society_eas @nationallipid