ALT Flowchart of the seismic framework. "seismic allows for a flexible set of cell type labels or granularities, ranging from broader cell classes to specifically defined cell types, before calculating a novel gene specificity score for each of the corresponding cell characterizations. Within the selected granularity, seismic calculates the statistical significance of a cell type-trait association using a regression-based framework with the gene specificity scores and MAGMA z-scores. Unlike existing methods, individual gene contributions to the cell type-trait association can be quantified via influential gene analysis and can pinpoint the genes and underlying biological processes that drive significant associations."