the answer is 2PC-MPC, zero-trust threshold signatures large scale network is live @ikadotxyz here’s the paper: eprint.iacr.org/2025/297

the case for @encrypt_xyz as the ultimate privacy infra: 1. shared state make entire applications private, unlike zk that can only make a single user state private 2. cryptographically secure rely on cryptography for privacy, unlike TEEs who rely on hardware and trusted operators 3. fast and scalable thanks to our breakthroughs in FHE cryptography research and potentially enhanced further with gpu optimizations 4. decentralized and flexible encrypt can support a large committee without degraded performance, and can also allow applications to create their own FHE clusters, with full control over the number of operators, their identity, the threshold, and the hardware they are using - providing full flexibility to choose the exact tradeoff for each application 5. composable unlike systems that require application specific committees, encrypt applications share a committee and are therefore composable, and with FHE key switching, even users of applications with custom FHE clusters can "move back" to be encrypted by the composable encrypt global FHE cluster 6. quantum safe no "harvest now decrypt later" attacks, encrypt FHE is lattice-based and therefore will be quantum safe from day 1 7. @solana native it is native to the most used blockchain in the world and the #1 developer platform in crypto, so developer velocity will help push its network effect forward 8. developer experience with an intuitive interface that is idiomatic to solana, it is super easy to get started and build with encrypt, and by far the easiest devex for cryptographic privacy today. no need to manually construct cryptographic operations, just compile your program with support to all major frameworks like anchor, @blueshift’s quasar, @anza_xyz’s pinocchio and even native rust. check it out here docs.encrypt.xyz the only thing that is really debatable in this list is 3 (fast) since we haven't published benchmarks yet, and people are - understandably - skeptical about FHE. but don't worry, existing FHE solutions like zama aren't indicative of our performance, and when we publish our benchmarks it will likely surprise many people.