OOP was (at least partly) an attempt to create a mechanical system for modeling any area of knowledge with only partial understanding. As a result, its default result is usually extremely defensive and verbose code (see screenshot). Techniques like abstract base classes and inheritance hierarchies are precisely for guarding against future changes caused by ignorance or lack of planning. The problem is this level of generality/flexibility is almost always unnecessary and has non-trivial compile time, run time, and complexity costs.