Former $GOOGL employee on why data center capacity and electricity are the real bottlenecks, not GPU production itself, and how unreliable some of the neoclouds are ($AMZN, $GOOGL, $MSFT, $NVDA): 1. According to the expert, open-source models are closing the gap with frontier models faster than expected, with customers increasingly replacing Anthropic and OpenAI models in multi-agent architectures with open-source alternatives starting from Q2 of this year. The shift started with simple tasks like tool calling and MCP, but has moved up the stack to low-level orchestration. 2. The expert identifies capacity as the biggest constraint at the moment, with certain companies' traffic growing 5x while GPU availability, particularly in the U.S. where latency requirements are tightest, simply cannot keep up. Sourcing capacity overseas in Asia or Australia is technically possible but adds latency that most customers will not accept. 3. Hyperscalers offer reliability but are expensive, require multi-year commitments of three or more years, and have limited availability of the latest hardware, with customers already chasing B300s. AI-native companies tend to gravitate toward neoclouds due to hyperscaler pricing and contract rigidity, but neoclouds come with their own reliability issues, with GPUs dropping off unexpectedly and requiring engineering resources to manage fleet stability around the clock. 4. The third tier consists of smaller independent operators who have invested in GPU racks, seeing the opportunity to lease out capacity and recoup costs within a year or two, with the remainder being pure profit. The expert describes these as essentially unusable in practice, with operators who do nothing more than find land, install racks, connect electricity, and set up cooling, with no real cloud management, maintenance, or operational expertise behind them. 5. The expert expects overall GPU availability to increase meaningfully over the next year or two, with $NVDA continuing to ramp production. The real bottleneck is not GPUs themselves but data center capacity and electricity in the U.S. On the supply side, the expert also sees players $SPCX beginning to lease out spare capacity to the market, with more likely to follow. 6. The expert notes that U.S.-based neoclouds typically require 20-30% prepayment upfront, with the remainder paid monthly or quarterly over the contract term, and rebates negotiated at the end for any reliability incidents like traffic loss. APAC-based providers operate differently, with no prepayment required at all. found on @AlphaSenseInc

🇧🇪 Brussels 1955: 95% native Belgian background 2025: 21% native Belgian background 🇬🇧 London 1955: 97% native British background 2025: 36% native British background 🇳🇱 Amsterdam 1955: 98% native Dutch background 2025: 40% native Dutch background 🇩🇪 Berlin 1955: 98% native German background 2025: 57% native German background 🇦🇹 Vienna 1955: 95% native Austrian background 2025: 51% native Austrian background 🇸🇪 Stockholm 1955: 97% native Swedish background 2025: 65% native Swedish background

According to Korean media, Elon Musk's Terafab is now talking to almost EVERY Korean chip supplier it can find. Until now, the only known Korean suppliers were HPSP and Hanmi Semiconductor. Now TheElec reports that Tesla and SpaceX are in talks across nearly every category Korean companies can supply, from basic piping parts to process materials to test components. At SEMICON West in San Francisco last week, Terafab staff walked straight to around 10 Korean booths on the morning of day one, including ENF Technology, Dongjin Semichem, Hanmi Semiconductor, Unisem and MiCo. Several companies have already signed NDAs. One got an NDA by email the same evening Terafab visited its booth. Hanmi Semiconductor is discussing TC bonders for Terafab, and HPSP has agreed to supply one high pressure hydrogen annealing tool to the R&D line. MiCo's cleaning unit Komico signed a three way NDA with Tesla and SpaceX about a month ago, and ISC is already swapping samples for rubber test sockets. Tesla and SpaceX do not buy from Chinese suppliers. One Korean supplier put it simply, without China there are only a few options, and Japan is expensive. They also want prices that are CHEAPER than China. $LRCX and $AMAT have reportedly built dedicated Terafab teams, and Fujifilm is meeting Terafab buyers regularly on slurries, photoresist and etchants. The goal is a fab with 1 million wafer starts per month within 10 years, with $16.8 billion of initial investment and more than 3,000 jobs. SpaceX broke ground in Grimes County, Texas this month, and the first 100,000 wafer per month phase is expected before 2030. Logic is being done with $INTC, talks with $TSM are ongoing, and memory will be built separately. One supplier said that if they email Terafab in the middle of the night in the United States, they get an answer in 30 minutes to an hour. $TSLA and $SPCX are building a chip supply chain at Elon speed.

🌍 European countries that added the most migrants (2000–2024) 1. 🇬🇧 United Kingdom: +7.1M 2. 🇪🇸 Spain: +6.8M 3. 🇩🇪 Germany: +6.4M 4. 🇹🇷 Türkiye: +5.8M 5. 🇮🇹 Italy: +4.4M 6. 🇫🇷 France: +3.0M 7. 🇦🇹 Austria: +1.4M 8. 🇳🇱 Netherlands: +1.4M 9. 🇨🇭 Switzerland: +1.3M 10. 🇧🇪 Belgium: +1.3M 11. 🇸🇪 Sweden: +1.3M 12. 🇵🇱 Poland: +917K 13. 🇮🇪 Ireland: +840K 14. 🇳🇴 Norway: +720K 15. 🇷🇴 Romania: +521K 16. 🇵🇹 Portugal: +476K 17. 🇩🇰 Denmark: +475K 18. 🇭🇺 Hungary: +393K 19. 🇨🇿 Czechia: +386K 20. 🇫🇮 Finland: +378K Europe's migrant population grew by 40.8 million between 2000 and 2024, up 67%. The UK, Spain and Germany together account for almost half of that increase. Source: UN DESA