OVERLORD-MS: Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies are effective in relapsing multiple sclerosis. However, data from trials directly comparing different agents are lacking. Research findings from a phase 3 trial of rituximab vs. ocrelizumab are summarized in a new Quick Take video. nej.md/4y3DFG8

Multiple sclerosis, a common autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, affects the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord. Its hallmark effects are inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. 🔗 nej.md/3SDJGcn In traditional descriptions of the disease, the myelin sheaths surrounding nerve-cell axons are the main target; peripheral nerve myelin, although structurally similar, is unaffected. The disease typically manifests with discrete focal attacks that affect vision, sensation, strength, and balance, and over time the frequency of attacks decreases and progressive worsening with prominent neuronal injury supervenes (seen in figure). In a minority of patients, symptoms are progressive from onset. Diagnosis rests on clinical criteria and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, supplemented by clonal expansions of immunoglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid and slowing in central nerve conduction velocities as measured by evoked potentials. Learn more in the Review Article “Advances in Multiple Sclerosis” by Stephen L. Hauser, MD: nej.md/3SDJGcn

A new review summarizes advances in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, with emphasis on effective disease-modifying therapies for relapsing disease and the need for better treatments to prevent progression and rebuild myelin. Read the Review Article “Advances in Multiple Sclerosis” by Stephen L. Hauser, MD: nej.md/3SDJGcn NEJM subscribers: Try AI Companion to surface key details from this article instantly.