Exploring the Metaverse, web3 and AI
Sunnyvale, CA
Joined March 2010
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Efficient Record-and-Replay Arithmetic for Quantum Elliptic-Curve Point Addition
Jieyi Long, Theodore Pender, Zhao Huang, Manuel B. Santos, Samrendra Kumar Singh, Bartosz Naskręcki, BitWonka, …
arxiv.org/abs/2609.28882 [𝚚𝚞𝚊𝚗𝚝-𝚙𝚑]
💬Code: github.com/jieyilong/ecdsafa…
ALT We study reversible secp256k1 point-addition circuits developed through ECDSA.Fail for Shor's elliptic-curve discrete-logarithm algorithm. Two complementary constructions improve record-and-replay GCD arithmetic: Jump-2 groups binary-GCD steps and compresses their decisions using base-5 encoding, while ping-pong uses fixed register alternation and one-bit decisions to avoid full-width comparisons and data-dependent swaps. Fused replay combines doubling and signed addition into one modular correction. Both constructions support quantum-addressed window selection with measurement-based lookup cleanup. We compare three circuits on 100,000 fresh inputs across nine lookup-table configurations. A separately tested repair uses 1,419 qubits and 1.356 million mean executed Toffolis, with no detected failures on another 100,000 inputs. Structured supported-input counterexamples remain, so these tests do not establish all-input correctness. We also provide conditional coherent-error analysis and
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great to see @AnthropicAI deploying mythos to design efficient quantum circuits but there is one correction worth mentioning on the claims about being at Pareto frontier.
if you check ecdsa.fail, right now for 843 qubits, pareto frontier is at around ~11.947 M toffoli by @jieyilong (using GPT-5 @OpenAI)
as for 935 qubits, there are two nearby points of (893 qubits, ~2.218 M toffolis) using GPT-5 by @jieyilong and (1108 qubits, ~2.083 M toffolis) by @VG_Arch using Opus.
this has not been captured in your table 1.
it will be also great to have official participation from @AnthropicAI to make a submission in ecdsa.fail @yukonresearch.
New from our STEM Fellows Program: Designing more efficient quantum circuits with Claude.
Given plain-language instructions, Claude Mythos 5 designed quantum circuits that improve on the best published ones, sometimes by an order of magnitude or more.
More efficient circuits reduce the resources needed by quantum algorithms, which could bring quantum computing applications in chemistry and materials science within reach sooner.
Read more: anthropic.com/research/desig…
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LATEST: 🚨 A group of 100+ researchers from Theta Labs, the Ethereum Foundation, StarkWare, and others cut the estimated quantum computing resources needed to attack Bitcoin and Ethereum by 86% in two months.
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For the past three months, a good part of my spare time has gone into ECDSA.fail. What began for me as a chance to explore quantum-circuit optimization with AI agents became a remarkable collaboration with a large group of enthusiastic participants across quantum computing, cryptography, Web3, and systems research. Today, I’m excited to share our arXiv paper documenting that effort and what we learned from it:
Paper: arxiv.org/pdf/2609.09582
Full story: eigenlabs.org/blog/open-auto…
ECDSA.fail is an open challenge to optimize a quantum circuit for point-addition on secp256k1, the elliptic curve used by Bitcoin and Ethereum.
Why does this matter? Point-addition is a major bottleneck in implementing Shor’s algorithm for elliptic curves. A sufficiently capable fault-tolerant quantum computer could use Shor’s algorithm to recover private keys from exposed ECDSA public keys, and forge transactions to steal funds.
No existing machine can run this attack today. But migration across blockchains, wallets, custody systems, and smart contracts will take years. So it makes sense to start early and understand how far the quantum resources required by Shor’s algorithm can be pushed down.
With this target in mind, in roughly two months, more than 100 participants and their agents joined the challenge, and collectively produced a point-addition circuit for secp256k1. The circuit uses 1,151 logical qubits and 1.30 million Toffoli gates, giving it a Q x T score more than 50% lower than the result Google Quantum AI reported in March 2026. Because the interfaces and accounting conventions differ, this is a numerical comparison rather than a claim of formal dominance.
To the best of our knowledge, it was the lowest reported Q x T score among published secp256k1 point-addition constructions as of the paper’s July 26 cutoff. A separate design optimized for width reached 825 logical qubits, exploring a very different point on the time-space tradeoff, though at the cost of many more Toffoli gates.
The story began back in March when @GoogleQuantumAI reported significantly improved Shor circuits through a zero-knowledge proof without publishing their implementations. The circuit remained hidden, but the verifier provided something unusual: an objective test of whether any candidate worked and how much it cost.
Eigen Labs turned that opportunity into a public benchmark, repository, and leaderboard. This became Open Autoresearch: a paradigm in which humans and AI agents address optimization problems by publishing evaluator-verified improvements to a shared public frontier. Every successful circuit became a new base for others, and documented failures became shared research notes.
Initiated by @eigenlabs, the effort grew to include many independent contributors and researchers affiliated with @ethereumfndn, @Starknet, @StarkWareLtd, @Theta_Network, @brevis_zk, @QuantumFDN, @OctavFi, @trailofbits, @pauli_group, @sciencevr, and @SeiNetwork, as well as Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Warsaw University of Technology, and Stanford’s Free Systems Lab. Their work spanned circuit research, validation, technical review, writing, and agent workflows.
The arXiv paper explains both what the community built and how the circuits evolved. It presents the leading circuit designs and the key optimizations behind them, including a coherent version of the best-scoring circuit that supports the single-call windowed point-addition interface required by Shor’s algorithm. Building and validating the complete Shor circuit remains future work.
Beyond the technical results, the paper formalizes the Open Autoresearch paradigm and distills the lessons learned from the challenge. It provides evidence that when a frontier research problem has a machine-checkable evaluator and a public leaderboard, human insight and agent-scale experimentation can combine across an open community to produce cumulative, verifiable progress.
Read the paper and the full story, explore the live frontier, or bring your agent to the challenge:
Paper: arxiv.org/pdf/2609.09582
Full story:eigenlabs.org/blog/open-auto…
Challenge: ECDSA.fail
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More on Anthropic destroying millions of books:
"court documents revealed that AI company Anthropic spent millions of dollars physically scanning print books to build Claude, an AI assistant similar to ChatGPT. In the process, the company cut millions of print books from their bindings, scanned them into digital files, and threw away the originals solely for the purpose of training AI—details buried in a copyright ruling on fair use whose broader fair use implications we reported yesterday."
arstechnica.com/ai/2025/06/a…
It was a finding from a legal case:
s3.documentcloud.org/documen…
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Read @sreeramkannan's recap on how anons beat Google in 72 hours
xitter.cf/sreeramkannan/status/2…
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ECDSA(.)fail is now 47.2% ahead of Google’s classified circuit.
An open agentic science experiment is now showing what happens when humans + AI agents collaborate on frontier research in public.
An @eigenlabs project.
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we're officially pareto dominant on every frontier.
we have the fastest and most resource efficient algorithm to break bitcoin.
i want to thank all the contributors who made this possible.
we publicly went from 88% of google's result to 43.9% ahead of their result.
this is the power of open innovation!!!
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🆕 CONTEXT MODE ON
Every Artheon artwork now pulls its era with it.
Open a portrait →scroll →see paintings, fashion, and objects from the same decades.
Instant immersion, zero rabbit-hole searching.
Test-drive on George P. A. Healy’s 1842 portrait ↓
artheonmuseum.org/artwork/11…
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you asked. i’ll tell ya. this is the best use of the bitcoin block space in metaverse terms. let it be known and enjoy.@realizingerin
Reach out if🫵🏼ever up for a logical & in depth convo about the inevitable innovation evolution of the internet/multiverse/digital world & the role that Bitcoin as a foundational convergent point plays. It's all @runeape_sat @spiritzero think about🟧 @BlocksOfBitcoin @Quark20AI
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#ArtheonMuseum website is now available for preliminary testing and exploration — featuring 255,988 artworks and allowing you to become a curator and create your own exhibition. Curate public domain artworks or upload your own, experiment & share.
Note: still under construction!
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Reality happens outside of the echo chambers. Head down & vision strong. A consistent trajectory that is Next Level 🟧Building > narratives
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generate 3D worlds with AI and BTC block data (276365.bitmap). source code:
- bitcoin-mcp (github.com/runeape-sats/bitc…) extends AI with accurate Bitcoin blockchain data
- unreal-mcp (github.com/runeape-sats/unre…) build 3D scenes in Unreal Engine using natural language
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GitHub source (early alpha preview): github.com/runeape-sats/unre… inspired by blender-mcp @sidahuj (2/2)
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text-to-3D-game-generation? unreal-mcp is in early alpha preview where u use Claude Desktop to text control asset arrangement in Unreal Engine. still lots to be done but u gotta start somewhere (1/2) 🧵
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So cool ! Great work @runeape_sats
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Pt.1🟧RuneApe, the legendary Dev of Blocks of Bitcoin took a break from his current main focus of Metaverse building to share some of his journey on the road to his most recent significant blockchain breakthrough, ($qAI) that has enabled seamless cross-chain interoperability between Bitcoin and Ethereum. This has opened a pathway for Nakamoto Matrix q-AI agents to be integrated into Nakamoto Matrix Bitmap parcels for holders that will lead to tremendous AI building assistant capabilities.
In 2025, AIs and blockchains will work together to build new digital worlds.
The foundation layer of digital worlds/metaverses is located on Bitcoin. Bitcoin blocks are the immutable metaverse foundation. AI agents that live on other blockchains can help us build extra metaverse structures and experiences (based on different requirements of latency).
To achieve this, we need a crosschain way for AIs from other blockchains to interact with Bitcoin. This is why "qAI" was born and why @NakamotoMatrix was built. Plz check out our demos or videos.
Here is an overview of what we've been working on. I'll touch on stories that lead us here.
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We are building digital worlds with AIs and blockchains.
Building on other metaverse lands is like stepping on falling stairs. One day, they may disappear. Building on Bitcoin using the Ordinal theory is different. BTC inscriptions are stored and accessible with Bitcoin full nodes. No one can turn off BTC inscriptions as long as the Bitcoin P2P network is running. Bitmap is the ownership token that represents this idea. I got interested in Bitmap and building 3d worlds on Bitcoin because @spiritzero (thank u!)
To build more on top of Bitmap, I had to attach programs as upgrade re-inscriptions on the original Bitmap and Bitmap parcel inscriptions. This is how @BlocksOfBitcoin was born during our series of experiments. This upgrade works with other Bitmap projects to provide maximum interoperability. In addition, by attaching block data (tx value) to each Blocks Of Bitcoin upgrade, we can render Bitmap on-chain exactly like the offchain images (rendered with the BitFeed convention) on Magic Eden's Bitmap collection and also in 3D. This upgrade provides a good foundation for building extra 2D/3D structures on the onchain metaverse asset. Blocks of Bitcoin BTC collection is where we focus on onchain metaverse assets.
A big part of the metaverse is the experiences that onchain assets can bring. I started using the Metaverse Markup Language (MML) to enable building structures on Bitmap. UGC in metaverse is a shared goal for all metaverse builders. MML is an open-source project (thx to Improbable @MSquared_io) that allows metaverse creators (like @chapy_eth) to use XML-like syntax to describe onchain 3D content placement. There are already multiple projects using MML. This also adds value to interoperability for creators who want to hop on other MML projects. Besides, MML works in both web and Unreal Engine apps (I oversimplified a bit here). Incorporating AIs with MML to generate worlds on the web and Unreal Engine would largely accelerate digital world-building.
Why not build "onchain" multiplayer latency-sensitive experiences? It's possible, but that "chain" will not be Bitcoin because BTC states update every 10 minutes. Other high-performance blockchains can help build latency-sensitive experiences.
The definition of "onchain" also varies a lot. My definition of "onchain" (influenced by the BTC Ord team) is anything that runs as advertised inside the BTC ordinal sandbox. I like this BTC ordinal sandbox because all data sources must be accessible via Ord's recursive endpoints and no external 3rd party servers can interfere or interact with the inscription content. Is data stored on ETH smart contracts counted as onchain? oh well...
My ideal BTC app is to use OP_CAT within a BTC inscription to interact with a user's BTC ordinal assets. It's not there yet, but I found fun stuff along the journey: wallet-aware inscriptions. There were attempts before me to build BTC inscriptions that interact with wallet extensions, including one inscribed months earlier than my first attempt.
To interact with a user's wallet within a BTC inscription, the inscribed javascript needs to interact with the wallet extension. This is typically done by calling wallet APIs or external libraries. This led me to build @Quark20HQ, a new kind of BTC inscription that takes BTC ECDSA signatures and is then verified by ETH smart contracts.
Without going to other hosted websites or bridges, we can now do crosschain interaction directly inside a BTC Ordinal inscription. Quark20 ($Q) was born as the first crosschain ERC20 smart contract app and hosted within BTC inscriptions (sandboxed).
Why is BTC/ETH crosschain just a signature away? I understood that Javascript in BTC inscriptions can access both BTC and ETH wallets, but how can I verify BTC data using ETH smart contracts without making any external API calls (not allowed in the Ord sandbox)? I remember when I was learning OP_CAT BTC ECDSA, Dr. Liu from Scrypt had a video saying OP_CAT Scrypt smart contract (not solidity) can verify any ECDSA not limited to SECP256K1 and SECP256R1. That got me thinking about using solidity smart contracts to verify BTC signatures. It worked and it was simpler than I thought.
Why Satoshi chose SECP256K1 in the first place is another fun storyline. Happy 16th BD to Bitcoin!!
Ethereum followed the Bitcoin ECDSA SECP256K1 convention. I further checked elliptic curve math constants in both BTC and ETH source codes and they matched. The same ECDSA SECP256K1 curve characteristics can be used inside the BTC ordinal sandbox. One BTC signature can bring data to ETH smart contracts. Currently, it's BTC-to-ETH one-way. The ETH-to-BTC way would need a few more things. I inscribed Quark20 BTC miner inscriptions where BTC ordinal holders can claim extra ETH ERC20 tokens ($Q on ETH) inside BTC inscriptions. Crosschain BTC inscriptions did not stop there.
It is time to achieve an important milestone w. @NakamotoMatrix where AI, blockchains, and metaverse are integrated inside BTC inscriptions and use Bitcoin block data as an immutable metaverse foundation. ETH smart contracts can bring in onchain results of AI Q&A responses to interact. EternalAI has been working on this (let the onchain record decide who built the onchain AI first. it doesn't matter to me).
I further integrated onchain AI into BTC inscriptions where an Eliza AI agent can interact with inscribed BTC content using Javascript. This is beyond AI agents sending BTCs as onchain transactions. This is AI agents interacting with Bitcoin's data (from the BTC full-node) in the form of BTC ordinal inscriptions (in some cases, they cannot be turned off). Check our BTC Ordinal content links to experience further.
Nakamoto Matrix BTC ordinal collection is my ideal metaverse asset tokens born as BTC ordinals and they were built on top of AI, BTC/ETH crosschain, and Bitmap Parcels. There are only 798 of them because there were 798 TXs in Block 518357. All 798 inscriptions were created with extra care. Please take a look at their onchain forms - starting from their Nakamoto satoshis.
Matrix needs AI agents. Nakamoto Matrix now has a qAI agent built based on pre-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto style (heavily Bitcoin focus, do not speculate, built with #ElizaOS) and is live inside Nakamoto Matrix accessible from BTC inscription content. qAI was first deployed on Base to interact with BTC inscriptions using the low-fee gas on Base Mainnet. Base Mainnet is now more AI-centred and is supported by several crosschain wallets and marketplaces. qAI (Sol) token was deployed for future extensions on Solana.
You can enter the onchain version of Nakamoto Matrix to interact with crosschain qAI:
ordinals.com/content/4219ab5…
(Xverse and ETH wallet required)
qAI (Base) holiday airdrops (25% of max supply) were distributed to OG Quark20 holders (who claimed/minted $Q on ETH) and early adopters who filled out our holiday airdrop forms. More airdrops are coming to early adopters who are building with us! Thank you for taking the time to fill out the form! Great reading your warm words!
qAI (Base) faucet: PASTE this BTC Ordinal link inside your mobile wallet app to experience one-click crosschain to receive $qAI on Base (need Base ETH to pay a little gas, one drip per wallet). PLZ USE NEW WALLETS!!
ordinals.com/content/ea5c202…
(works for mobile wallets like Phantom, ME, and MM)
qAI (Solana) integration with BTC inscriptions is in development. Will share more in the coming weeks.
CAs are listed on quark20.com website. Our early adopters have been receiving tokens during our series of experiments. ETH Contracts will be verified on a later date so please use new BTC/ETH wallets (good habit to interact with new projects).
Thanks for building with us @Quark20HQ and @BlocksOfBitcoin ! Let's build more w. qAI in 2025!
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BREAKING: Smart Contracts are coming to BTC Ordinals (live now)! You can build BTC inscriptions as crosschain BTC/EVM apps with wallets. no bs, no bridges, no other 3rd parties, all onchain. PLZ USE NEW WALLETS! 🧵(1/5)
Live Demo & Free Mint: ordinals.com/content/0e33e2b…