Everyone's talking about content engines, but how do you actually get started with building one - especially if you are a small, non-tech team. @meetamalhotra got some solid advice from @surendranb
thehardcopy.substack.com/p/h…
TheHardCopy retweeted
Replying to @TheHardCopyCo
Indeed it is! You saw the ambition and the work behind it, early on. A lot has changed since, but the obsession remains the same: keep building, keep learning and keep raising the bar.
Thank you for telling our story so thoughtfully. ❤️
Throwback to our story in 2024. "Can PocketFM Build a global entertainment brand?" Guess the answer is YES. @Niteesh22 Link 👇
We grew from ~0 to $500M ARR, adding $250M last year alone while being EBITDA profitable.
1,300-word post on every growth tactic that worked for us:
1. What got us from 0-$400M ARR in the US works in every country.
2. Retention and Monetisation Hacks.
3. Localization > Translation.
4. Experiment with $1M internal seed checks.
5. Pivoting to only AI content production unlocked 100% ARR growth.
Pocket FM is like Netflix for audio-only dramas, with our own pool of one-person studios.
1. Acquisition Playbook for 0-$10M ARR in any country in 6 months
We run a 90 sec video trailer of an audio drama as an Ad and ask users to download the app if they're interested in the rest of the story.
Our core insight after spending >$100M on acquisition is: If the clickthrough rate (CTR) for an ad goes from 2% to 2.25%, our customer acquisition cost (CAC) decreases by ~ 30%.
We remodelled our system around this insight and built an AI-first 2.25% CTR ad manufacturing machine that works in every country.
For every new country, we take our hit shows -> use LLMs to extract and most intriguing moments -> Write a 5-min script combining all the best parts. The first 60 seconds has to have a hook every 5 seconds and needs to end with a crazy cliffhanger to force a download mid-scroll.
If a marketing video is not hitting our benchmarks (2.5% CTR and 55% 3-second through-play), a creative director gets involved to change the hook or cliffhanger to get the numbers there.
AI lets us make 1,000 Ads per show, and in total we do ~17.5k Ads per month. When a business creating scales from 1k to 10k Ads, the normal thing is for CAC to skyrocket. But with what I just shared, we 7-8x'd our User Acquisition budget without increasing our CAC materially.
It took us 8 months to figure this out, but then the timeline from 0-$10M in every country got shorter and shorter:
US revenue grew to $25M in 19 months. (US is now 78% of total)
Germany to 21M in 11 months.
France to $10M in 3 months.
2. Retention and Monetisation Hacks.
We knew we wanted to create an audio entertainment platform, but there was no standard format. For the first 2-3 years, we tried 10 different formats before landing on the winner.
After we got it right with audio drama (8-12min chapters, written for mobile fiction, serialized, episodes have strong hooks and end on cliffhangers), avg daily streaming time went from ~25mins to 150+.
Audio drama made us realize that Pocket FM was creating a whole new medium. There was no playbook for anything that we were doing. Everything had to be thought & built from scratch.
This is what we did for each major bullet:
- Monetization: Users have some free daily minutes to listen; then it's pay per episode. We also added the option for users to unlock episodes by watching ads, which is doing extremely well. Ads scaled from zero to a ~$90M run rate in 12 months.
- Engagement & production: You don't become obsessed with an app you open once a week. To have users engage daily, we make the next episode free every day. Also helps them build the habit.
- Discovery. Huge problem because people consuming Pocket FM enter the app, tap the show, and lock the screen. We fixed it by doing "playlists" of episodes. Once users's free minutes on a show are done, we ask users if they want to pay. If they say no, we play a new show, one where they haven't used their free mins. And we stitch episodes of different shows together that way, creating natural discovery.
3. Localization > translation.
78% of our revenue is still concentrated in the US. Localisation is fixing this: You might write a show for a Spanish audience where language, jokes, folklore, have a certain flavor; if you merely translate the show for, say, a Norwegian audience, that color is lost and hurts the show in the Norway. Listeners would relate more if the show was written by a Norwegian.
That's why, instead of translating, we localize shows to different regions. We use AI to take the spine of stories and adapt their whole cultural layer to the other country.
The results: a US show that was localized for a German audience had 50% higher retention than the translated version.
Localization + our user acquisition playbook led to:
- $10M+ ARR in France within 3 months
- $21M+ ARR in Germany within 11 months.
And this expands writers' addressable market.
We get messages of writers thrilled to have revenue coming from the US, India, EU, LatAm, without them doing much incremental work.
4. Experiment.
We give $1M checks to new internal initiatives, and the team has 12-18 months to prove their thesis. If they prove it, we double down.
This is how Pocket Saga came about, our AI video microdrama app. It's an AI video equivalent of Pocket FM. Same shows and structure, but as a vertical 2-min mobile video series.
We launched it two months ago and it's at ~$15M ARR.
Pocket's broader thesis is to help creators tell their stories to as many people as possible. Start with audio drama -> multiple languages or localize to diff countries -> microdrama -> more formats like movies, TV shows, and games.
Best of all is that writers get revenue streams not only from countries they wouldn't have tapped into, but also from formats they wouldn't have thought possible.
5. Pivoting to only AI content production unlocked 100% ARR growth.
In mid-2024, we pivoted to only AI content production.
Our growth took a very direct hit. Pocket was already at $200M ARR, growing 50% YoY, and we flatlined for a whole semester.
Six months later, the business exploded.
After the switch, we went from ~25k hours of content produced per year to over 2.5M hours, which are also higher quality. Because AI orchestrates the writing and more data is fed into it, more blockbusters come out.
Over 90 titles have $1M+ in lifetime earnings and 13 crossed $10M.
Quality control is done with LLM as a judge, and LLMs are quite tough.
Results are very encouraging:
- 12-month revenue retention went from 44% to 76%.
- In the past year, we added $250M in net new ARR.
__________________________________
Pocket Entertainment (Pocket FM + Pocket Saga) has become the largest AI entertainment platform.
We have the largest storytelling catalog with 770,000 titles, 550k creators, and 5.5B hours of playtime with minute by minute retention & engagement data. We are using all of this data to improve every aspect of our business.
Our Bet: In the next 3 years we will be able to produce Naruto-like series for $1000.
Netflix has to spend $17B to find 100 Blockbusters per year.
What happens when you can produce 1M high quality shows for $1B?
The streaming wars caused a $300B reallocation of market cap.
The AI entertainment wars may be a $1T+ reshuffling of market cap.
We are at a unique spot. Unlike other AI creator tools like Runway or Midjourney, we own both the supply and demand side of AI content.
We've attracted over 550,000 writers who are producing an annualized 2.5M hours of content every year. This pairs with 137B+ minutes streamed.
Because of this, growth is accelerating as we scale further.
We have multiple S-curves inflecting at the same time:
- AI produces better and more ads -> scale faster in new countries
- Writers + AI produce more shows -> more blockbusters
- Localisation -> more reach per blockbuster
- Audio to video format expansion -> larger TAM -> more creators
Every aspect of our business is designed to improve another, and everything is aligned so that the number of blockbusters continues to rise.
If you're interested in building at the intersection of ai, tech and entertainment, DM me.
This
The new moats are the same as the old moats
Every few years, we fall in love with shiny new tech and forget the basic physics of consumer software.
We’re doing it again with AI.
The new moats aren't new at all. They're the exact same as the old moats: network effects, marketplaces, and platforms.
Right now, consumer AI is booming.
New agents like Instinct, Bot, and Tomo are dropping mind-blowing experiences. The underlying tech is incredible, but almost every product being built today shares the exact same challenge:
They are completely single-player.
Single-player products are 100% tied to value - and in this case mostly agent : model performance.
If a competitor drops an agent tomorrow that books travel faster, tracks habits better, or handles life admin more reliably, everyone can switch overnight because leaving is easy and has nearly zero friction. Especially when it is so easy to onboard with just a new message.
The legendary consumer tech giants didn't win because their underlying technology stayed marginally better forever.
They won because of structural lock-in:
Social Networks: You don't abandon WhatsApp for a prettier UI if your friends aren't there.
Marketplaces: Airbnb, Doordash, and Uber hold supply and demand in a tight loop.
Platforms: Apple and Android deliver you a complete device so you take advantage of the software on top of it (though this creates opportunities too)
Novelty gets you initial distribution.
Multi-user dynamics give you long-term retention.
If your consumer AI product doesn't become exponentially more valuable to User A when User B joins, you don't have a moat, just a temporarily superior feature set.
We are seeing this in the coding agents as people jump from tool to tool based on the best performance.
But… all is not lost. There are huge opportunities here. Agents will get better when more of our friends are on them and can help us coordinate and communicate to do more together. Agents that help us improve and strengthen our habits can get better as we add friends and hold each other accountable.
Data flywheels are great, but social and marketplace flywheels are what actually build enduring tech giants.
It’s time to stop building isolated AI tools and start building the platforms where people connect, transact, and coordinate together.
TheHardCopy retweeted
I have no desire to set up another company but there is a massive opportunity out there for someone who does.,
Outside of X’s echo chamber, teams across small to medium enterprises are struggling to go beyond prompting. Massive FOMO and anxiety.
People saying posting can be automated, pl explain yourselves. Is it AI or @meetamalhotra
Given I have started the @TheHardCopyCo substack again I tried to use both ChatGPT and Claude to help with social media posting.
Astonishing how bad they both are.
TheHardCopy retweeted
This line made me go down the rabbit hole of how CERN used AI and turns out their AI usage dates back to 1987!
Is a n Italian cashmere house building the future of ecommerce? Brunello Cucinelli has launched a super-interesting no chatbot, agent-driven shopping site. Salesforce has invested.
thehardcopy.substack.com/p/a…
Is a n Italian cashmere house building the future of ecommerce? Brunello Cucinelli has launched a super-interesting no chatbot, agent-driven shopping site. Salesforce has invested.
thehardcopy.substack.com/p/a…
Pat on the back for getting @arindam___paul to publish with us a couple of years ago. His playbook was amongst our most viewed articles ever
I’ve always lamented the fact that there are too few useful books on Indian marketing. @arindam___paul just changed that.
If you are in any consumer business you need to buy this.
TheHardCopy retweeted
The @CRED_club logo was created overnight by @thejosephjr and approved by @kunalb11 and the team in September 2018.
TheHardCopy retweeted
Just reflecting on my favorite episode from Blume Podcast Season 3: the incredible (though admittedly under-rated) conversation between Akash Gupta (@GoGreyOrange - Blume Fund I vintage) and Mohit Kumar (@deeppurpled) (@UltrahumanHQ - Blume Fund III) on building world-class product companies from India.
I liked this episode the most because it's a very brass-tacks look at how Indian startups can compete globally. Both Akash and Mohit shared candid insights into overcoming hardware ecosystem gaps, building global distribution, shifting from "just hardware" to cohesive solutions, and the shift in mindset needed to compete globally.
As Akash said: "We are not a robotics company in a supply chain. We are a supply chain tech company using robotics as an enabler."
And from Mohit on building in-house capabilities: "If we have to control our future, we have to do it ourselves. There's no other answer."
Here's a one-pager surfacing their key insights on how Indian hardware startups can win globally. Check it out below! 👇































