
finance + governance | ETH Global Hackathon winner | Contributor @RariFoundation | prev @blackflagDAO newsletter lead
Joined January 2020
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Innovations in blockchain keep answering the question of how free you could be with assets in your possession
winverse retweeted
Five years in crypto, compressed into three lines:
1- Finance is all about connecting.
2- Onchain is all about opening up financial infrastructure.
3- Open infrastructure is dramatically easier to connect to.
Therefore, finance will inevitably move onchain!
Cryptex is becoming the reference layer markets must trust.
Stoked!
Digital assets have never had their S&P. Until now.
Passive indexing represents over $19 trillion in the US alone.
The largest asset class of the next decade STILL doesn't have a diversified benchmark.
We built it.
40 digital assets. Five sectors. Fully verifiable onchain.
New brand. New site. New era.
What comes next, changes everything.
Welcome to Cryptex Finance.
Gave this video a first pass and can see Moody poured a lot into gas optimization.
Definitely giving this a deeper dive once I’m done with SettleKit.
Philogy is hosting the podcast now??
@philogy and @sendmoodz look at the @EkuboProtocol smart contracts!
DeFi keeps maturing.
Over the past couple days, I’ve discovered possibilities that were once out to reach.
Ethereum address ≠ memory address
A memory address is just a number used as an index into a byte array, which has no meaning outside current execution.
So essentially, stack computes, memory packages bytes, and storage persists.
Newer AI dApps are facing a lot of hacks.
Understand the infra, then leverage AI. Not as easy as it sounds though.
lib code can import lib code.
bin code can import bin code.
bin code can import lib code.
lib code CANNOT import bin code.
pc as usize vs u32
usize: no brainer for indexing, suitable when building a local interpreter.
u32: needed for serialization, imperative when designing a spec-aligned VM.
The txn processor has 3 major arms that makes execution flow quite seamless.
The txn pool(one arm) records incoming txn and does validation+ordering.
As I study the reth arch more deeply, I will make the execution model diagram I previously shared more elaborate
Mental model >
Attempt to access an element using indexing.
If index > array length, Rust ‘panics’
Pretty useful safety check to avoid invalid memory access. Diving deeper into error handling over the coming weeks.
EVM: Turing complete instruction set, quasi-Turing complete execution.
Gas serves as the metered leash.
winverse retweeted
Been wanting to reproduce a watered down version of the slightly notation heavy s. 9 of the Ethereum Yellow Paper. Here we go!!!
hackmd.io/@ayoola/SJ5jMdGrZg
Memory: word-addressed byte array.
Storage: word-addressable word array.
Their definitions as related to the EVM may appear pedantic but actually encodes very real architectural differences.
These images paint a good mental picture.
Onward.
Now that ZKEVMs are at alpha stage (production-quality performance, remaining work is safety) and PeerDAS is live on mainnet, it's time to talk more about what this combination means for Ethereum.
These are not minor improvements; they are shifting Ethereum into being a fundamentally new and more powerful kind of decentralized network.
To see why, let's look at the two major types of p2p network so far:
BitTorrent (2000): huge total bandwidth, highly decentralized, no consensus
Bitcoin (2009): highly decentralized, consensus, but low bandwidth - because it’s not “distributed” in the sense of work being split up, it’s *replicated*
Now, Ethereum with PeerDAS (2025) and ZK-EVMs (expect small portions of the network using it in 2026), we get: decentralized, consensus and high bandwidth
The trilemma has been solved - not on paper, but with live running code, of which one half (data availability sampling) is *on mainnet today*, and the other half (ZK-EVMs) is *production-quality on performance today* - safety is what remains.
This was a 10-year journey (see the first commit of my original post on DAS here: github.com/ethereum/research… , and ZK-EVM attempts started in ~2020), but it's finally here.
Over the next ~4 years, expect to see the full extent of this vision roll out:
* In 2026, large non-ZKEVM-dependent gas limit increases due to BALs and ePBS, and we'll see the first opportunities to run a ZKEVM node
* In 2026-28, gas repricings, changes to state structure, exec payload going into blobs, and other adjustments to make higher gas limits safe
* In 2027-30, large further gas limit increases, as ZKEVM becomes the primary way to validate blocks on the network
A third piece of this is distributed block building.
A long-term ideal holy grail is to get to a future where the full block is *never* constituted in one single place. This will not be necessary for a long time, but IMO it is worth striving for us at least have the capability to do that.
Even before that point, we want the meaningful authority in block building to be as distributed as possible. This can be done either in-protocol (eg. maybe we figure out how to expand FOCIL to make it a primary channel for txs), or out-of-protocol with distributed builder marketplaces. This reduces risk of centralized interference with real-time transaction inclusion, AND it creates a better environment for geographical fairness.
Onward.










