ALT Bioenergy and biobased products are important sources of renewable energy. Up to date, renewable energy only consists of 13% of the global energy supply, dominated by solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal energy. Bioelectrochemical systems are an alternative technology that could increase the share of renewable energy, having received attention as a green and sustainable solution in environmental remediation and bioenergy recovery. However, many technological bottlenecks remain unsolved, resulting in poor performance and far from commercial applications. Recently, nanomaterials and related technologies have been increasingly applied in bioelectrochemical systems to improve performance and functionality. The positive outcomes have emboldened researchers to shift their attention to nanomaterials and nanotechnology for bioelectrochemical energy conversion. In the future, BENT have the potential to provide alternative solutions to technological shortages in the energy domain.