Sayantan Ray retweeted
We just open-sourced Loop: a Rust agent harness that’s 44x lighter than opencode at idle, 5x lighter on CPU, and finishes the same tasks in half the time.
Initial benchmarks look promising.
Same model. Same tasks. 13/13 passed.
Developer preview, out now. 🧵
> curl -fsSL loop.soket.ai/install | bash
github.com/soketlabs/loop
Sayantan Ray retweeted
At Cypher 2026, by @Analyticsindiam, we shared our work on math, code and reasoning models.
We're training a 26B parameter model on ~30T tokens and plan to release it openly with its data and training stack.
LOOP, our open-source harness for long-running agents, is available now in developer preview: soket.ai/loop
#AIAgents #OpenSource #Cypher2026
Sayantan Ray retweeted
We open-sourced LOOP harness (developer preview).
Rust. Long-running agentic work. Any model via base URL. Git-like sessions. Swarm, MCP, slash commands. Low CPU/memory for local runs.
Binary + docs: github.com/soketlabs/loop · loop.soket.ai/ · soket.ai/loop
Next (critical workloads): sandboxing personas, multi-agent, leveled memory, remote agents, trusted sandboxes, agent group chat.
Run: console.soket.ai → API key → Qwen. Other models: any base URL.
Try it, break it, tell us what you think.
Building at the Frontiers of AI
#SoketAI #Loop #OpenSource #AIAgents #Rust
Sayantan Ray retweeted
We've been quiet for months. Tomorrow, that changes. The @soketlabs is launching its first product live at Cypher 2026.
@upperwal 🙌
@Analyticsindiam
Replying to @upperwal
@upperwal, Founder and CEO, is on stage at Cypher 2026.
Hall 1 keynote. Wednesday, 7 October. 14:00–14:20. KTPO, Whitefield, Bengaluru.
Math, code and reasoning models, and the harness around them, for India-centric work. Banking checks, cybersecurity runbooks, workloads that have to keep a check.
This week, a first look at what that harness can do.
soket.ai
@Analyticsindiam
#Cypher2026 #MeetUsAtCypher #AIM #IndiaAI #AgenticAI #OpenSource #Bengaluru
Sayantan Ray retweeted
Replying to @upperwal
@upperwal, Founder and CEO, is on stage at Cypher 2026.
Hall 1 keynote. Wednesday, 7 October. 14:00–14:20. KTPO, Whitefield, Bengaluru.
Math, code and reasoning models, and the harness around them, for India-centric work. Banking checks, cybersecurity runbooks, workloads that have to keep a check.
This week, a first look at what that harness can do.
soket.ai
@Analyticsindiam
#Cypher2026 #MeetUsAtCypher #AIM #IndiaAI #AgenticAI #OpenSource #Bengaluru
Sayantan Ray retweeted
so I read the post-training bits of the MiMo-V2.6 tech report by @XiaomiMiMo
some notes below (not sure notes like these still make sense when you can ask an agent to summarize any paper for you, but maybe my impressions and how I connect it to what we're building are still worth something)
> What they call "You Only RL Once"
One mixed GRPO run across code, general agents, web dev and cyber, all domains in the same batch
The scale: 1,568 prompts × 16 rollouts = 25K trajectories per step, ~3B tokens per update
Code takes 68% of the mix (code is everywhere!), and the gains still show up on general agent benchmarks
> They train on minimal harnesses instead of production ones
Production harnesses come with prompts and safeguards the reward never measures, so the model learns to ignore them
Instead they train on a family of minimal mini-harnesses (open source, in mimoagent), and the gains carry over to harnesses the model never saw (Codex, Claude Code, mini-swe-agent: ~50% → 66% on DeepSWE)
We just added multi-harness training to OpenEnv via Harbor, with 16 real harnesses you can rotate per rollout
> They also rank the solutions that pass
If all 16 rollouts pass the tests, the advantage is zero and the group teaches nothing
So for easy tasks they multiply the test result by rubric scores, and for the rest an agentic grader ranks the passing patches and moves advantage toward the better ones. Without it the policy drifted into exception swallowing and relaxed validation to get tests green
They do the same for visual tasks, ranking the renders within each group. This would have helped a lot when I was training models to paint with code
> Reward hacking
The report quotes the model going to GitHub for the upstream fix ("Let me just look at the file directly from the GitHub raw URL")
Their answer was env cleanup, network isolation and a dedicated hack agent that attacks every env until it finds no exploit. Confirmed hacks stayed under 2% for the whole run
We've seen similar hacks in Repo2RLEnv and have been patching them as they show up
> After RL, multi-teacher distillation
Separate domain-specialized teachers (RL or SFT) get distilled back into the main model on-policy (MOPD2), which is how they reach domains that are hard to verify
The trick is in the prefixes: a trajectory with k turns gives k starting points, and the student only generates the next turn from each one instead of redoing the whole rollout
> They share all the numbers of the run
30 steps, 123h for Pro and 82h for Flash, $2.6M and $0.9M, plus a timeline of every failure along the way (love that!)
Also a nice MoE detail: with a trainable router, 22% of the experts went cold in 20 steps, so they froze it
> What's released
The 7.8K released envs are a curated subset of what they trained on. @adithya_s_k ported all of them to Harbor, and there's an Explorer Space where you can run a rollout on any of them from the browser
They also ship a 9B starting point (Qwen3.5-9B SFT'd on MiMo data), and GRPO on the released envs improves all 11 benchmarks they report
The 9B part reminds me of the SmolDataEnvs project we shared this week, 5K+ verifiable code and data science tasks for small models (<10B) to hill-climb on, trainable on a single A100
Sayantan Ray retweeted
I just published my complete guide to reinforcement learning for LLMs. It's a single, standalone resource for understanding RL from first principles to frontier research.
Read it here: cameronrwolfe.substack.com/p…
The topics covered are as follows…
RL Fundamentals:
- A general framework for RL (policy, states, actions, transition functions, environment, rewards, trajectories, etc.)
- Core concepts of RL (returns, discounting, action / state / trajectory probabilities, value / advantage functions).
- Formulating and estimating the learning objective for RL.
Basic of RL for LLMs:
- Token-level (MDP) vs. completion-level (bandit) formulations.
- Outcome versus process rewards.
- Value estimation via value models / critics.
- KL divergence, RL setups (RLHF, RLVR, infra, etc.), importance sampling.
Basic Policy Gradients:
- Deriving the RL objective / vanilla policy gradient (VPG) from first principles.
- Different policy-gradient formulations (trajectory returns, reward-to-go, baselines, value functions, and advantages).
- Why policy gradient estimates have high variance (and how baselines help).
- Implementation of VPG.
REINFORCE and its variants:
- REINFORCE as a Monte Carlo implementation of the VPG.
- Completion-level vs. token-level implementations of REINFORCE.
- Reward baselines and KL-regularized rewards.
- RLOO, REINFORCE++ and other critic-free policy gradient algorithms.
Actor-Critic Methods:
- Training value models / critics alongside the policy to estimate advantages.
- Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO) and KL-constrained policy updates.
- How PPO simplifies TRPO with a clipped surrogate objective.
- Full PPO details (clipping, advantage estimations, value loss, KL, policy ratios, multi-epoch optimization, etc.) + implementation.
- Generalized Advantage Estimation (GAE) + implementation.
- The memory and computational overhead of actor-critic algorithms.
GRPO:
- Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) as a simpler alternative to PPO.
- Group-relative advantage estimates + implementation.
- Why removing the critic is helpful.
- Limitations of vanilla GRPO algorithm.
- Dr. GRPO, DAPO, GSPO, and other recent improvements.
Recent research topics:
- Online versus offline RL.
- Rubric-based RL.
- RL scaling laws.
- Agentic RL + world modeling.
This post is a synthesis of my writing / learning on RL for over a year. I hope it’s helpful!
Sayantan Ray retweeted
One of the most interesting details I learned from the Nemotron tech reports was that certain teachers are not compatible to use in MOPD together...
Multi-Teacher On-Policy Distillation (MOPD) is a distillation technique that trains a student model on its own rollouts. Given a prompt, we:
- Generate a completion from the student.
- Route the prompt + completion to an expert / teacher model.
- Compute token-level log probabilities from the teacher.
Then, we can train the student model using a reverse-KL objective (usually a sampled approximation) between student and teacher probabilities to distill the capabilities of the teacher(s) back into the student policy.
Why is this useful? There are a few different setups that can be used for MOPD that differ in how they define / create the teacher models:
(1) Consolidation: if we have domain-specific specialist models that have each been created using their own training pipeline, we can consolidate their advanced capabilities into the student with MOPD. This is a great way to improve the capabilities across a broad range of domains, and specialist training is independent across domains (as opposed to multi-domain RL).
(2) Recovery: if we are running a sequential / multi-stage training process, we can use checkpoints from earlier training stages as teachers to restore capabilities that regress as we continue to progress through the training process.
For either of these cases, we learn from Nemotron 3 Ultra that we cannot just use an arbitrary set of models as teachers for MOPD. See the following quote:
“One key finding from our MOPD trials is that teacher models trained with substantially different training pipelines cannot be effectively combined through a straightforward MOPD merge, resulting in suboptimal performance.” - Nemotron 3 Ultra Tech Report
MOPD teachers need to be sufficiently compatible with the student. If a teacher was trained with a very different pipeline, its reasoning / output distribution may differ substantially from the student's. Because MOPD scores student-generated trajectories, those trajectories can then be out-of-distribution for the teacher—making its token-level supervision much less useful.
This is primarily a problem for the consolidation setup rather than recovery, because the recovery setup by definition draws teacher models from the same training lineage as the student.
One solution to this problem is MOPD warmup. Namely, before distillation, we can run a short SFT stage on a diverse set of trajectories sampled from the teacher models. This moves the student closer to teachers’ behavior, making student-generated rollouts more in-distribution.
So, MOPD is not about training / distilling experts into a student. Ensuring that students / teachers are compatible is an important part of getting MOPD to work.
Sayantan Ray retweeted
1/ In RL environments, reward design is everything.
Here's what we learned from the 7,780 environments Xiaomi open-sourced for MiMo 🧵
Wake up, ppl 👀
Xiaomi just open-sourced ~7K of the RL environments it used to train MiMo on HuggingFace, across domains like code, cyber, general, music and web dev
I think this is one of the biggest things to happen in frontier open-source RL environment data.
Indepth analysis and learnings coming soon 👀
Sayantan Ray retweeted
Our new home in Bengaluru is officially live!
A special milestone for us at @soketlabs and just the beginning.
In the times to come, I am strongly confident this office will become India’s leading hubs for AI talent, research, and innovation. 🇮🇳
Soket has a new home.
Bengaluru Office · 14 September 2026 · Ganesh Chaturthi · Indiqube Miniforest, J.P. Nagar.
Building at the Frontiers of AI
Google Maps: maps.app.goo.gl/nA674HR1y53a…
soket.ai
#SoketAI #FrontierAI #BengaluruTech #IndiaAI
Sayantan Ray retweeted
Rust is going to places. C still remains my fav
If you are a pro in Rush, would love to talk. We have been building our harness from scratch in Rust and the performance is phenomenal
Sayantan Ray retweeted
Kimi 3 seminar recording is uploaded 👉 byhand.ai/v/kimi3
~ Prof. Tom Yeh
Sayantan Ray retweeted
From Frontier Bits 001:
Why distill instead of training the small model from scratch?
Distillation ≠ just compression. It’s transferring a better signal.
Thoughts?
#Distillation #LLM #frontierbitsbysoketai
Sayantan Ray retweeted
When @sama said it was hopeless for India to build frontier models, a 13-person lab took it as a challenge.
Our founder, @upperwal on @Analyticsindiam's Front Page with Sudhi Sachdev.
Watch: youtu.be/tUfkSvpp6M4?si=W4pS…
Trusted AI for Critical Work.
#SoketAI #SovereignAI #IndiaAI
Sayantan Ray retweeted
From Frontier Bits 001:
Why distillation > teacher sequence + cross-entropy?
Teacher gives a full distribution, not one token.
SFT→hard one-hot Distillation→soft labels + KL
Learning a Dirac delta is harder than learning from a softer signal.
Thoughts?
#Distillation #LLM
Sayantan Ray retweeted
From Frontier Bits 001:
RL mostly helps the model choose between right and wrong. On-policy distillation can help it learn new skills.
The learning signal is strongest at the exact point the student diverges from the teacher. What do you think?
#ReinforcementLearning #LLMs
Sayantan Ray retweeted
The Artificial Scientific Intelligence Lab (ASI Lab) at the National University of Singapore is recruiting:
1) 1 Postdoc
2) Several PhD Candidates (Jan/Aug 2027 intake).
3) Research Interns / Visiting Scholars / Visiting Clinicians starting in 2026.
See more information at: asintelligence.xyz/
Our recent alumni in the team has secured jobs as faculty, or at Meta, Google, Microsoft and Uber in the past few years.
Sayantan Ray retweeted
First Frontier Bits session is in the books.
High-signal room. Real debates on On-Policy Distillation. Deep dive into NVIDIA Megatron with Ayush Maheshwari.
The kind of technical energy we’ve been wanting to build. This was only the beginning.
#FrontierBitsbySoketAI
Sayantan Ray retweeted
8 – 9 PM
Ayush Maheshwari (@nvidia) on Megatron: large-scale distributed LLM training, parallelism, recipes + live demo.
Part of Frontier Bits - Soket’s series for people building at the frontier of AI. 29 July | Koramangala
@wipindia
Request invite → luma.com/0qg2mxko




























