As an academic researcher, teacher and editor, I write a lot of referee reports for journals, theses and grants. Below is a short note I wrote to myself a few years ago. Now published on my blog. Hope it will be useful for the general audience too. On Criticism How to criticize somebody's work? This is a question we often ask in academia, especially while writing referee reports for articles in journals and theses submitted by students. It is important to learn constructive criticism of academic work, which makes criticism a tool that can lead to positive feedback. When we talk about positive feedback, it does not mean that you will have to applaud the work. It means that anybody who is receiving the feedback should be able to build on it and improve their work. In this regard, the philosopher Daniel Dennett has come up with some thoughts on critical commentary of somebody's work. One of the key points he notes: ‘You should attempt to re-express your target’s position so clearly, vividly, and fairly that your target says, “Thanks, I wish I’d thought of putting it that way”’. This way of changing the perspective on a piece of work is one of the crucial aspects of constructive criticism. It helps you to understand the role as a reviewer in not only correcting somebody's mistake but also helping them to build on their own thoughts. Many times, criticism is looked down on as a negative thing. But done this way, it is probably one of the most enriching processes, not only for the person who is receiving the feedback, but also for the person who is criticizing the work. The correct way to criticize is to think with different perspectives and add to the body of knowledge that the author has already presented. In that way, knowledge is progressed and corrected for mistakes, if any. --- My blog has a hyperlink to Maria Popova's article on Daniel Dennett, including the quote I mentioned.