
Security Researcher, Advocate & DeFi Investigator Ex @immunefi
Death City
Joined July 2023
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After years of devoting my time to supporting ethical hackers...
I'm now on the journey to becoming one myself.
Hi. I'm known as PappaPug or Oddly in security circles.
You may have seen my profile in the past replying to support requests and hyping up whitehats...
It was my job for years to meet and speak with the best onchain hackers. Many friendships were nurtured during that time.
That path diverged since Dec 2025, and now I'm a free agent, getting back into web3 with two main goals:
1. To hunt, to seek, to provide services and feed my family with the skills and resources I have.
2. To question everything about how things work and understand what's under the carpet in the machinery of code and contracts, so that no one gets hoodwinked by fancy marketing.
Having been a marketer myself, I can smell it from miles away. I'm letting my intellectual curiosity and bubbly personality get carried away on this journey to becoming a world expert on smart contracts and decentralized finance.
See you at the finish line.
Love, PappaPug
Pappa Pug retweeted
Update: Immunefi upheld the duplicate closure.
Their own fix-bypass policy says a bug that wasn't effectively fixed should be reported.
That's exactly what I did. The PoC in my report still works after the attempted fix.
Yet their mediation response didn't even mention the fix-bypass policy.
So what's the point of having it?
Why would any whitehat spend time checking whether a fix actually works if the answer is still "duplicate, no reward"?
I thought Immunefi was supposed to keep this fair.
Instead, they're keeping their clients happy.
Projects trying to rug whitehats seem to be the norm lately.
I recently found a High severity bug. The project closed it as a duplicate of an earlier report. Which is technically true since both have the same root cause.
The funny part is they already tried to fix it.
And failed.
My PoC demonstrates that their fix can be bypassed and the bug is still exploitable.
@immunefi even has an explicit fix-bypass policy for cases like this:
immunefisupport.zendesk.com/…
But I guess it's easier to close the report than fix the bug and pay the whitehat.
Pappa Pug retweeted
Love this! If I had kids, I’d love to teach them this way.
I’ve been exploring learning through play too! A Claude skill for making hand-drawn, interactive everyday objects. Here’s my little washing machine :)
colorfigures.vercel.app
Great one para to explain what bug bounties are:
Replying to @cosinesqr
To anyone who don’t much about hit bounty your basically a guy who searches through a programs or website codes for cracks that hackers can use or manipulate extremely tedious to do and sometimes long hours you can learn it and plenty of ways to get into it but the pay can be random due to how much the company will pay as well as how long it will take for companies to respond to your submission
Heck yeah.
This is Pele, my new rendering library for diagrams and charts, compatible with the latest Mermaid syntax.
- 100-500× faster than mermaid.js
- 6× smaller bundle
- No dependencies
- Easy to theme
- Responsive to device width
In pursuit of making Obsidian insanely fast and cohesively designed, I always found the Mermaid library to be too big, too slow, and too hard to theme. Pele will be the new renderer in the next version of Obsidian, but you can start using it now.
Pele [ˈpɛlɛ] is named after the goddess of volcanoes and fire. It's open source under the MIT license. Try the playground!
Well deserved!!
Career update folks.
I'm excited to announce I'm joining @HalbornSecurity as Director of Managed Solutions!
Halborn is heading into a new chapter and I can't wait to talk more about where this is going. I'll be leading managed service delivery and operations.
Thrilled to be part of what's next!
Pappa Pug retweeted
> El CEO de OpenAI admite que la IA no causará el apocalipsis de empleo que predijo
> Uber no encuentra un retorno que justifique sustituir humanos por IA
> Starbucks elimina la IA de su sistema por fallos constantes
> Microsoft retira Claude Code a sus ingenieros por no ver mejora en costes
NATURE IS HEALING
Pappa Pug retweeted
The original MakerDAO code written in "daiwanese" is still one of the most underappreciated SE feasts in Web3. It's the opposite of current code slop with hundreds of unnecessary libraries and object hierarchies. Complicated code = more surface to exploit
Study daiwanese. Minimize your code. Learn FV. The future is opposite to current slop practices
Pappa Pug retweeted
Notice how hacks increased as contests died off.
You can say AI but there’s a bunch of Whitehats involved in these hacks.
You onboard lots of them then you take their jobs away.
Pappa Pug retweeted
There's a legitimate frustration buried in that take, but it rests on a misread of why BBP platforms exist.
A bug bounty program is not a contact form. It's a contract. The platform is what makes that contract enforceable on both sides. Projects get filtered signal and predictable triage. Researchers get clear rules, payout SLAs, dispute resolution, and a record of work that compounds into reputation. Other responsible disclosure routes exist for the urgent stuff, SEAL 911 being the obvious one, but the premise sits in the same place. Structure exists so serious work can get through.
The "just send details over email" model sounds lightweight until you sit on the receiving side. I triaged thousands of reports running MTS at Immunefi. The cost asymmetry is brutal. A researcher can write a scary-sounding critical report in 15 minutes. Invalidating it takes a senior engineer 1 to 2 hours on average. Sometimes more. Small and medium teams don't have that headcount. The big ones already outsource it.
With hacks happening almost daily, projects should be taking security more seriously, and many are. But it remains a genuinely hard problem. BBPs catch what a researcher can find externally on the same surface as an attacker. They don't and can't cover everything. A lot of recent damage has been infrastructure failure rather than code bugs, and that surface is hard to fold into a BBP without monthly or quarterly pentests on top.
The platform requirement does one more thing that gets missed in these threads. It self-selects for researchers willing to engage with the process. That friction is a feature, not a bug. If signing up for a platform a project explicitly named in their program rules is the dealbreaker, the report was probably not going to clear the bar anyway. Serious researchers maintain accounts on the major platforms because that's where the work is.
The AI era raises the floor of all of this. Anyone can prompt a model to produce a coherent-looking critical report with fabricated impact and confident language. Valid work gets buried under that slop, which is precisely what feeds the scepticism. Structured intake, enforceable rules, and reputation on a platform are the only things that hold up at scale. At least for now.
So the real question is what intake model actually gets bugs fixed at scale, not whether platforms add friction. The honest answer is managed triage on a platform, with SEAL 911 and similar channels for the cases that can't wait. Teams that skip this either drown in noise or quietly hire someone to handle it.
Replying to @v4rvl
Why provide an email for disclosures on github.
I report the bug, then reach out to alert you about the severity of the bug, then you send me a link to resubmit the bug via another channel?
If you don't have an account with that platform, you'll have to create one, and if maybe you can't due to some restrictions, you're blocked.
Seems like too much overhead. Why not just request details? That's what most teams do. When the bug has been confirmed and fixed then we can go that route. Fixing the bug should have been the priority.
What if the researcher can't send the report over the platform, they are literally saying if you can't for some reasons, then sorry we are not interested.
I don't know if you get my point
Pappa Pug retweeted
I never realized how much of this space revolves around marketing companies and AI agents until I learned more about them. Some companies and most “AI agent” guys are just doing pure marketing nonsense, nothing more and nothing less. Meanwhile, blackhats keep showing us what real work looks like by hacking a new project almost every day. So ignore all this nonsense, focus on securing people’s money, improving your skills, and earning good rewards for yourself.


























