I explored what makes @tezos Layer 1 more than just a place to process transactions and run smart contracts. Now, here's the bigger question: What happens to L1 when Tezos X is fully here? ➘ 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗻 The initial Tezos X roadmap proposed migrating existing L1 state into the new execution environment, allowing applications and accounts to continue operating without developers having to rebuild everything. That idea was eventually dropped. Existing applications can remain on L1. Nothing is being automatically migrated, and developers can choose what works best for their projects. ➘ 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲? Tezos X aims to bring Michelson and EVM applications into the same environment, enabling Native Atomic Composability, shared liquidity, and improved performance. With better wallets and tooling, using applications across these environments should also become more seamless. This could make Tezos X attractive for new projects. Some existing applications might follow, especially if more users, liquidity, and applications gather there. But not every application needs to leave L1. If this shift happens, it could be gradual, driven by developer choices rather than a forced migration. ➘ 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗱𝗼𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗺𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗟𝟭? Today, L1 handles consensus, staking, governance, smart contract execution, and user transactions, while balancing performance, security, decentralization, and baker hardware requirements. If more application execution moves to Tezos X, L1 could increasingly focus on consensus, settlement, finality, data availability, and Smart Rollup security. This could allow greater emphasis on efficiency, security, decentralization, and keeping the network accessible to bakers. ➘ 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝗼 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗳𝗲𝗿 𝗟𝟭? Tezos X is intended to offer a more unified experience than moving between L1 and Etherlink today. As wallets and tooling improve, users should ideally be able to access applications without constantly worrying about layers, bridges, or where their assets reside. The goal is simple: use Tezos without having to think about its underlying complexity. ➘ 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗶𝗴𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗽𝗶𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 Nothing suggests an overnight shutdown of L1. Existing applications can stay, and Michelson isn't being switched off. My expectation is that more applications could eventually choose Tezos X, while L1 becomes increasingly focused on securing and supporting the wider ecosystem. But this is a possible direction, not a guaranteed outcome. The roadmap has already evolved, and future plans may change too. Tezos X could change where application activity happens without making Tezos Layer 1 any less fundamental.

Crypto is making a mistake if it waits for quantum computers to become a threat before taking them seriously. That is what makes the latest move from @tezos interesting. Quantumnet is not a quantum-safe version of Tezos ready for production. It is an experimental testnet designed to test what a post-quantum blockchain could actually look like. And the scope goes beyond wallet security. Tezos is testing ML-DSA-44 for tz5 account signatures, post-quantum signature aggregation for consensus, and ZODA for data availability. Ushuaia introduced tz5 support. TzEL is exploring confidential post-quantum transactions. Quantumnet takes the research further by testing more of these components across the network. That is a more serious approach than waiting until the technology becomes an immediate problem. The difficult part is not simply adopting quantum-resistant cryptography. It is making sure the entire network can use it without creating new performance or security problems. That takes time, experimentation and a clear migration path. Tezos is still early in this process, but the work is already happening in the open. The question is no longer just which blockchains can scale today. It is which ones are preparing for the cryptographic challenges that could reshape the industry tomorrow.