Researchers delve into the evolutionary distribution of axillary and pectoral spine glands in Corydoradinae catfishes, showing the presence of axillary glands across all genera in the subfamily, though the venom gland associated with the pectoral spine is restricted to a clade comprising 𝑂𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑠, and 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑎. 🔓 scielo.br/j/ni/a/S5R5LLscXVT… "This pattern is congruent with phylogenetic relationships and implies that mimicry rings may involve Müllerian, quasi-Batesian, and Batesian components depending on their species composition and the degree of defense exhibited by the species present." "The presence of venom-associated pectoral spine glands only in the clade comprising 𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑠, 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑎, and 𝑂𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 supports a single origin of these glands in the Corydoradinae. Further, our histological analyses indicate that these glands are absent in 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑦𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠, 𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠, 𝑆𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑥, and 𝐺𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑠. Interestingly, several species from both venom-bearing and non-venom-bearing lineages have been reported to participate in mimicry rings, often forming mixed-species shoals and exhibiting highly convergent color patterns. Alexandrou et al. (2011) identified 52 Corydoradinae species forming 24 putative Müllerian mimicry rings, with more than 90% of these rings composed of species from different genera that, nonetheless, share strikingly similar coloration. Classical Müllerian mimicry requires that all participating species are defended, contribute to predator deterrence, and share the costs associated with predator learning a common warning signal (Ruxton et al., 2018). Our results partially support this interpretation, as all examined Corydoradinae possess at least some combination of mechanical and glandular defenses. However, the additional presence of venom-associated pectoral spine glands in only some genera suggests that defensive effectiveness may not be equivalent among lineages." 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲 Morphological diversification of defensive glands in Corydoradinae catfishes indicates a mixed Müllerian-Batesian mimicry system 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Jiménez-Vergara, C. R., Thomaz, A. T., Garzón-Restrepo, A. J., Malabarba, L. R., & Monroy, M. (2026). Morphological diversification of defensive glands in Corydoradinae catfishes indicates a mixed Müllerian-Batesian mimicry system. Neotropical Ichthyology, 24(3), e260051. doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20… 𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 Axillary and pectoral-fin spine glands play a central role in the defensive biology of Siluriformes by releasing toxic secretions; however, their distribution, structural diversity, and evolutionary significance within Corydoradinae remain poorly understood. Here, we present the first comparative histological analysis of these glands across seven genera of Corydoradinae. Axillary glands were present in all examined genera and exhibited a conserved lobular organization consistent with a holocrine secretion type as described previously in other Siluriformes. In contrast, venom-associated pectoral spine glands were restricted to a clade comprising 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑎, 𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑠, and 𝑂𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟. In these genera, gland position and cellular morphology closely match venom glands described in other siluriform lineages, supporting a lineage-specific derived condition. Conversely, 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑦𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠, 𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠, 𝑆𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑥, and 𝐺𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑠 lacked true venom-associated pectoral spine glands and instead displayed abundant epidermal granular cells and club cells, consistent with the retention of a non-venomous ancestral state. This pattern is congruent with phylogenetic relationships and implies that mimicry rings may involve Müllerian, quasi-Batesian, and Batesian components depending on their species composition and the degree of defense exhibited by the species present. 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 Mimicry ring involving 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑦𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠 and the venomous 𝐻𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑒 co-occurring in the Meta River basin. Although both possess axillary glands of similar morphology, they differ in the presence of venom spine glands. © 2026 the Author(s). Published in the journal ZooKeys. An open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) licence. creativecommons.org/licenses… #Corydoradinae #Corydoras #Aspidoras #Scleromystax #Gastrodermus #Brochis #Hoplisoma #Osteogaster #Ichthyology #Biodiversity #AquariumHobby #Fishkeeping #Aquarist #TropicalFish #FishTank #Mimicry #Venom #ToxicSecretions #Müllerian #VenomGlands #PectoralSpine

#NewSpeciesAlert - 𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑎ℎ, a new species of tetra (Acestrorhamphidae), is described from tributaries of the rio Tapajós basin at Serra do Cachimbo, Pará State, Brazil. 🔓 scielo.br/j/ni/a/gTCSJRbd9g6… "This new taxon represents the fifth species of this putative group described from the Serra do Cachimbo, whose members are likely endemic to the region, indicating that the Serra do Cachimbo may represent an important region of endemism for small-bodied freshwater fishes and underscoring the need for continued taxonomic and biogeographic studies in Amazonian shield headwaters." "The currently known geographic distribution of 𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑎ℎ is highly restricted, encompassing an upper tributary of the rio Teles Pires within the Serra do Cachimbo. The other putative closely related species, 𝑀. 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑎, 𝑀. 𝑐ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑎, 𝑀. 𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑦𝑚𝑏𝑢𝑎𝑏𝑎, 𝑀. 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑎, 𝑀. 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠, and 𝑀. 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠, also exhibit narrow distributions, being endemic to elevated areas of the Brazilian Shield." 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲 Description of a new species of 𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 (Characiformes: Acestrorhamphidae) from tributaries of rio Tapajós basin at Serra do Cachimbo, Pará State, Brazil 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Camelier, P., & Marinho, M. M. F. (2026). Description of a new species of 𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 (Characiformes: Acestrorhamphidae) from tributaries of rio Tapajós basin at Serra do Cachimbo, Pará State, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 24(3), e260067. doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20… 𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 A new species of 𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 is described from a tributary of the rio Teles Pires, upper rio Tapajós basin, Serra do Cachimbo, Pará State, Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by a distinctive body coloration pattern consisting of dark blotches on the anterior portion of scales of the second to seventh longitudinal series, a conspicuous horizontally elongate, drop-shaped blotch on the caudal peduncle, and a unique eye coloration in life, with the dorsal portion of the iris reddish and the ventral portion bright golden, as well as five or six branched pelvic-fin rays. The new species is morphologically similar to a group of Amazonian congeners that share unusual body coloration and colored eyes in life, all of which exhibit restricted distributions associated with upland areas of the Brazilian crystalline shield. This new taxon represents the fifth species of this putative group described from the Serra do Cachimbo, whose members are likely endemic to the region, indicating that the Serra do Cachimbo may represent an important region of endemism for small-bodied freshwater fishes and underscoring the need for continued taxonomic and biogeographic studies in Amazonian shield headwaters. 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆 The specific name, 𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑎ℎ, is in honour of the esteemed ichthyologist Dr Naércio Aquino Menezes in recognition of his significant contributions to the knowledge of ichthyofauna. Naércio, whom we affectionately call “Naná”, trained many new ichthyologists with respect and kindness and was our PhD advisor. Dr Menezes also coordinated the “South American Characiformes Inventory” project, which supported the expedition in which the new species was collected. A noun in apposition. 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑎ℎ, live specimen, paratype, MZUSP 124117, 48.6 mm SL, Brazil, Pará State, Novo Progresso, rio Teles Pires basin, upper rio Tapajós basin. © 2026 the Author(s). Published in the journal Neotropical Ichthyology. An open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) licence. creativecommons.org/licenses… #NewSpecies #Ichthyology #Taxonomy #Biodiversity #AquariumHobby #Fishkeeping #Aquarist #TropicalFish #FishTank #Tetra #Tetras #Characiforme #Acestrorhamphidae #Characin #rioTelesPires #rioTapajós #SerraDoCachimbo #ParáState #Brazil #Neotropical #Endemism #Amazon

Researchers in this study provide genomic and additional morphological data supporting the continued recognition of the Halloween darter, 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎, as a valid species distinct from sympatric 𝑃. 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑢 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜. 🔓 mapress.com/zt/article/view/… "Additionally, we provide preliminary genomic, meristic, and morphological data that suggest populations of the 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 complex in the Apalachicola, Altamaha, and Savannah basins, which have recently been collectively referred to under the epithet “𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑖” (Fowler), comprise at least two distinct species. We treat Apalachicola populations as an undescribed form, 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑠𝑝. 𝑐𝑓. 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎, that occurs sympatrically with 𝑃. 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎. Our conclusion that 𝑃. 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎 is a valid species supports conservation status for the species in Georgia and Alabama. Ongoing work by the present authors aims to elucidate patterns of speciation in this group and to clarify taxonomy of the eastern populations of the 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 complex." 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲 Genomic and morphological data corroborate 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎 (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) as a valid taxon and reveal undescribed diversity in the 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 complex 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Hilburn, B.G., Freeman, M.C., Bennett, J., Petersen, K.N., Bayona-Vásquez, N.J., Wares, J.P. & Freeman, B.J. (2026) Genomic and morphological data corroborate 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎 (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) as a valid taxon and reveal undescribed diversity in the 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 complex. Zootaxa, 5890 (4), 527–541. doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.589… 𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎 Freeman, Freeman & Burkhead, the Halloween Darter, was described in 2008 as a new species endemic to the Chattahoochee and Flint River systems in the Apalachicola Basin, Georgia and Alabama, USA. The description illustrated phenotypic differences between 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎 and sympatric 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 (Agassiz) 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑢 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜 (𝑠.𝑙.) (the Blackbanded Darter) but lacked genetic data. Because of certain morphological similarities with syntopic 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑠.𝑙. and anecdotal evidence suggesting low genetic differentiation between the two forms, recent authors have noted the need for additional investigations to assess the taxonomic validity of 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎. To examine whether 𝑃. 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎 represents a valid species separate from 𝑃. 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑠.𝑙., we used 3RAD reduced-representation genomic data and expanded phenotypic comparisons between 𝑃. 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎 and 𝑃. 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑠.𝑙. from the Apalachicola basin and three adjacent river basins. Genome-wide sequence data show that 𝑃. 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎 is reciprocally monophyletic with respect to 𝑃. 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑠.𝑙. in every basin examined. Meristic and morphometric data also resolve 𝑃. 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎 and 𝑃. 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑠.𝑙. as distinct clusters in principal component analyses, and pigmentation patterns provide diagnostic characters that allow easy identification of 𝑃. 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎 in the field. Additionally, we provide preliminary genomic, meristic, and morphological data that suggest populations of the 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 complex in the Apalachicola, Altamaha, and Savannah basins, which have recently been collectively referred to under the epithet “𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑖” (Fowler), comprise at least two distinct species. We treat Apalachicola populations as an undescribed form, 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑠𝑝. 𝑐𝑓. 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎, that occurs sympatrically with 𝑃. 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎. Our conclusion that 𝑃. 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎 is a valid species supports conservation status for the species in Georgia and Alabama. Ongoing work by the present authors aims to elucidate patterns of speciation in this group and to clarify taxonomy of the eastern populations of the 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 complex. 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 A) 3RAD sample locations for 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑠.𝑙. and B) 3RAD sample locations for 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎. Grey shading represents the respective ranges of each taxon. C) Midpoint-rooted maximum likelihood phylogeny constructed in IQ-TREE using 3RAD SNP data depicting the reciprocal monophyly of 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎 and geographic structure in the 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 complex. Bootstrap support values are displayed on the major nodes. The Flint clade also includes a single individual from a tributary of the Apalachicola River proper. Photos from top to bottom: 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑝𝑡𝑎 from the Chattahoochee watershed, 𝑃. 𝑠𝑝. 𝑐𝑓. 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 from the Chattahoochee watershed, 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 from the Upper Coosa watershed, and 𝑃. 𝑠𝑝. 𝑐𝑓. 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑎 from the Savannah watershed. Photos by B.G.H. © 2026 the Author(s). Published in the journal Zootaxa. An open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) licence. creativecommons.org/licenses… #Ichthyology #Taxonomy #Biodiversity #AquariumHobby #Fishkeeping #Aquarist #Percina #Percidae #Etheostomatinae #FishTank #USA #HalloweenDarter #Darter #Darters #Apalachicola #Georgia #Alabama #Altamaha #Savannah #BlackbandedDarter #Chattahoochee

#NewSpeciesAlert - 𝑇𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑖, a new species of electric ray (Torpedinidae), is described from the southeastern Arabian Sea, northern Indian Ocean. 🔒 mapress.com/zt/article/view/… 𝑇. 𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑖 sp. nov. is so far known only from the southeastern Arabian Sea, and represents the first confirmed record of 𝑇𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑒 species from the northern Indian Ocean. 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲 𝑇𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑖 sp. nov. (Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae), a new species of electric ray from the southeastern Arabian Sea, northern Indian Ocean 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Bineesh, K., Kasinath, A. & Ebert, D.A. (2026) 𝑇𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑖 sp. nov. (Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae), a new species of electric ray from the southeastern Arabian Sea, northern Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 5890 (4), 557–570. doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.589… 𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 A new species of electric ray, 𝑇𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑖 sp. nov., is described based on nine specimens collected from the deepwaters off the southeastern Arabian Sea, northern Indian Ocean. 𝑇. 𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑖 sp. nov. is characterised by uniform dark bluish black or dark brown dorsal colouration and absence of papillae around the spiracles and can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters: disc wider than disc length, disc length 1.0–1.2 in disc width; relatively large endolymphatic pore (1.2–1.6% TL), spiracle nearly equal to eye, spiracle oval shaped, short interspiracular distance (4.1–5.5% TL), larger spiracles (spiracle length 3.9–5.1% TL) and smaller electric organs 23.3–28.9% TL in length and 10.6–13.8% TL in maximum width. Vertebral counts totalled 99, comprising 30 monospondylous and 69 diplospondylous centra. 𝑇. 𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑖 sp. nov. is so far known only from the southeastern Arabian Sea, and represents the first confirmed record of 𝑇𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑒 species from the northern Indian Ocean. 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 Cover image for Zootaxa paper. © 2026 the Author(s). Published in the journal Zootaxa. #NewSpecies #Ichthyology #Taxonomy #Biodiversity #Tetronarce #Torpediniformes #Torpedinidae #ElectricRay #ArabianSea #IndianOcean

#NewSpeciesAlert - 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑒 and 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑒, two new species of annual killifish (Rivulidae), are described from temporary ponds in the Atlantic coastal Laguna de Rocha basin and the middle Cebollatí River basin (both within Laguna dos Patos freshwater ecoregion), Uruguay, respectively. 🔓 scielo.br/j/ni/a/BR5v3cbpDVM… "Morphological, molecular, and geographic information show that the genus 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 is a more complex clade than previously thought. In this context, we described two new species and discovered the more extreme chromatic polymorphism within the 𝐴𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 genus group, a clade already proposed as having high morphological and chromatic intraspecific variation." 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲 The uniform, the banded, and the polymorphic: an integrative taxonomy in the annual fish 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 (Atheriniformes: Rivulidae) 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Duarte A, Loureiro M, Ríos N, Serra W, Bessonart J, García G. The uniform, the banded, and the polymorphic: an integrative taxonomy in the annual fish 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 (Atheriniformes: Rivulidae). Neotropical Ichthyology. 2026;24(3):e260001. DOI: doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20… 𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 Based on an integrative approach (genetic, morphology and biogeography), two new species of 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 are described from Laguna de Rocha and middle Cebollatí River basins respectively (Laguna dos Patos ecoregion). The new species from Laguna de Rocha is diagnosed by a chromatic character and cytochrome b mutations; the new species from middle Cebollatí is diagnosed by a combination of chromatic and squamation patterns. Both species are allopatrically distributed relative to the other species of the genus and to each other. This study also indicates that 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑖 presents high chromatic polymorphism that could be related to drainage rearrangements between the Lower Uruguay and Laguna dos Patos ecoregions. 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 Top: A. Holotype of 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑒, ZVC-P 16238, 31.6 mm SL; B. Female paratype of 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑒, ZVC-P 16445. C. Holotype of 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑒, ZVC-P 16449, 31.6 mm SL; D. Female paratype, ZVC-P 16443. Bottom: Pigmentation pattern in 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 males. A. 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠 banded (ZVC-P 16444); B. 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠 uniform (ZVC-P 16444); C. 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑓. 𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠 1 (ZVC-P 16445); D. 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑖 (ZVCP 8742); E. 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑓. 𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠 2 (ZVCP 14462); F. 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑓. 𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑖 (ZVCP 16449). Pigmentation patterns in 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 females. G. 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠 (ZVC-P 4105); H. 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑓. 𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠 1 (ZVC-P 15359); I. 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑖 (ZVC-P 9718); J. 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑓. 𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑖 (ZVC-P 13502). Arrow = dark grey vertical bar. © 2026 the Author(s). Published in the journal Neotropical Ichthyology. An open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) licence. creativecommons.org/licenses… #NewSpecies #Ichthyology #Taxonomy #Biodiversity #AquariumHobby #Fishkeeping #Aquarist #TropicalFish #FishTank #Killifish #Killifishes #Acantholebias #Atheriniformes #Rivulidae #CloudFish #AnnualKillifish #LagunaDosPatos #ChromaticPolymorphism #CytochromeB #Uruguay #Polymorphism #Neotropical

#NewSpeciesAlert - 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠, a new species of diminutive spiny driftwood catfish (Auchenipteridae), is described from the Guaporé River, a tributary of the Madeira River basin, Rondônia, Brazil. 🔓 scielo.br/j/ni/a/kh8TLkXnB36… "Many rivers of the southern Amazon experienced a severe drought in 2020, including portions of the Guaporé River, causing its channel to become narrow and shallow with widths reduced to approximately 60 m and depths ranging from 3 to 5 m. In one such section, a brittle lateritic block was taken from the riverbed. The block, measuring approximately 1.5 m in length, 60 cm in width, and weighing nearly 45 kg, contained a complex network of interconnected tunnels and galleries. The innermost, narrower tunnels were inhabited exclusively by small fishes, notably species of 𝑇𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑎 and the new species of 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠, herein described. In contrast, the outermost and wider tunnels were occupied by larger fish species (i.e., 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑠, 𝐴𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑦𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠, 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠, 𝑃𝑒𝑐𝑘𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑐𝑓. 𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑎, 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑦𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 and 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑦𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑠𝑝.). A total of more than 350 fish specimens were collected from the block, representing members of Auchenipteridae, Apteronotidae, Doradidae, Loricariidae, and Pseudopimelodidae." 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲 A new species of diminutive spiny driftwood catfish 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) from the Madeira River system, Amazon basin, Brazil 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Calegari, B. B., Ohara, W. M., Akama, A., & Zuanon, J. (2026). A new species of diminutive spiny driftwood catfish 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) from the Madeira River system, Amazon basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 24(3), e260022. doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20… 𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 The genus 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠, a member of Auchenipterinae, was previously known from only two species: 𝑆. 𝑎𝑐𝑠𝑖, originally described from the Peruvian Amazon and later recorded from Juruá River in Brazil, and 𝑆. 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑗𝑖𝑟𝑖, described from the Purus River basin. In a 2020 expedition to the Madeira River basin during an intense drought that exposed lateritic rocks in the Guaporé River bed revealed a diminutive, previously undescribed species of 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠. The new species differs from its congeners, 𝑆. 𝑎𝑐𝑠𝑖 and 𝑆. 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑗𝑖𝑟𝑖, by the marbled body coloration, lower number of soft pectoral-fin rays, a longer head, a smaller interorbital distance, reduced maxillary barbels, and other osteological features. This new species, described herein, underscores the underestimated diversity within 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠, likely due to its habitat specificity and rarity in ichthyological collections, highlighting the importance of exploring unusual microhabitats in revealing hidden components of Neotropical fish diversity. A key to identification of the species of 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 is provided. 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆 The specific epithet, 𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠, comes from Latin and means hole or burrow, referring to the new species' habitat within lateritic blocks—an adjective. 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 Top - Live colouration of adult paratypes of 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠, from Guaporé River, tributary of Madeira River basin, Rondônia, Brazil. Bottom - Portion of a larger lateritic block (approx. 45 kg, 1.5 m in length, 0.6 m in width) containing numerous interconnected tunnels, from which specimens of 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 were collected. The block was taken from the riverbed of the “Guaporé River (type locality),” Rondônia, Brazil. © 2026 the Author(s). Published in the journal Neotropical Ichthyology. An open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) licence. creativecommons.org/licenses… #NewSpecies #Ichthyology #Taxonomy #Biodiversity #AquariumHobby #Fishkeeping #Aquarist #TropicalFish #FishTank #Spinipterus #Siluriformes #Auchenipteridae #Brazil #Neotropical #Catfishes #GuaporéRiver #Guaporé #MadeiraRiver #Rondônia #DriftwoodCatfish

#NewSpeciesAlert - 𝑃𝑒𝑐𝑘𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑘𝑎ℎ𝑥𝑖, a new species of pleco (Loricariidae), is described from the rapids of rio Mapuera and rio Trombetas, rio Trombetas basin, municipality of Oriximiná, Pará State, Brazil. 🔓 scielo.br/j/ni/a/kBkBCVhvNdx… 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲 A new species of 𝑃𝑒𝑐𝑘𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑎 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rapids of rio Trombetas basin, Brazil 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Dopazo, M., Araújo, F. A. de A., Akama, A., & Wosiacki, W. B. (2026). A new species of 𝑃𝑒𝑐𝑘𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑎 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rapids of rio Trombetas basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 24(3), e260053. doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20… 𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 A new species of 𝑃𝑒𝑐𝑘𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑎 is described from the rio Trombetas basin, Pará State, Brazil. The new species was investigated by morphological and molecular dataset and it can be distinguished from its congeners by: (1) mottled appearance, without defined spots or patches on the head and body, (2) partially naked abdomen with clusters of plates on the lateral sides of the abdomen from the pectoral to the pelvic region, (3) higher numbers of teeth on both jaws, (4) short odontodes in the cheek, (5) dark spots on the interradial membranes on all fins, (6) four saddles along the body, (7) lower lips with rounded papillae, (8) yellow stripes of the head obliquely positioned on head, not larger than eye orbit, (9) upper lip completely dark, and (10) dorsal margin of the hyomandibula concave. Genetic analysis revealed a genetic divergence of 2.3 to 15% between the new species and other species of the genus. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis based on a mitochondrial gene (Cytb) was conducted and the species was recognized as a monophyletic unit. The description of the new species contributes to the knowledge of the Trombetas River basin, a little-known tributary on the left bank of the Amazon River. 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆 The specific epithet “kahxi” refers to a waterfall for the Waiwai indigenous peoples (Pawana, 2026), who belong to the Cariban language family and are distributed throughout the northern Amazon, with populations in Brazil, Guyana, and Suriname (Instituto Socioambiental, 2009). The term is associated with the striking presence of rapids and waterfalls in the rivers that make up their territory, specifically in the region of the Mapuera and Trombetas rivers in the state of Pará, where the new species is distributed. Treated as a noun apposition. 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 Top - Live specimen of 𝑃𝑒𝑐𝑘𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑘𝑎ℎ𝑥𝑖 collected at Cachoeira Porteira, municipality of Oriximiná, Pará State, Brazil, uncatalogued. Photo by Heriberto Gimenês Jr. Bottom - Cachoeira Porteira, rio Trombetas basin, type locality of 𝑃𝑒𝑐𝑘𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑘𝑎ℎ𝑥𝑖, municipality of Oriximiná, Pará State, Brazil. Photo by Felipe Araújo. © 2026 the Author(s). Published in the journal Neotropical Ichthyology. An open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) licence. creativecommons.org/licenses… #NewSpecies #Ichthyology #Taxonomy #Biodiversity #AquariumHobby #Fishkeeping #Aquarist #TropicalFish #FishTank #Peckoltia #Siluriformes #Loricariidae #rioTrombetas #Brazil #Loricariid #Catfish #Catfishes #Ancistrini #Rheophilic

#NewSpeciesAlert - Hidden in the rapids: 𝐿𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑒, a new species of anostomid, is described from the Xingu River, occurring in both its middle section in Pará State and upper portion in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. 🔓 scielo.br/j/ni/a/VLGwQPMJNwj… 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲 Hidden in the rapids: a new species of 𝐿𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠 (Characiformes: Anostomidae) endemic to the Xingu River basin, Brazil 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Chaves, C. S., Souza-Shibatta, L., Birindelli, J. L. O., & Sousa, L. M. de . (2026). Hidden in the rapids: a new species of 𝐿𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠 (Characiformes: Anostomidae) endemic to the Xingu River basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 24(3), e260090. doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20… 𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 A new species of anostomid endemic to the Xingu River basin, Brazil, is described. Originally discovered during ecological surveys in the Volta Grande do Xingu, the species is formally recognized based on an integrated analysis of external morphology, osteology, and molecular data. Sixty specimens were examined, including cleared and stained material. Diagnostic features include eight elongated horizontal midlateral blotches, 14 transverse dorsal bars, three premaxillary teeth and four dentary teeth, 16 scale rows around the caudal peduncle. Osteological examination revealed fused fourth and fifth infraorbitals and a small ventral expansion of the antorbital, latter not previously documented in other anostomids. Species delimitation methods (ASAP and PTP) using DNA barcoding consistently supported the new species as a distinct lineage, with genetic distances ranging from 2 to 3% relative to the closest congeners (𝐿. 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠, 𝐿. 𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑜𝑖, 𝐿. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠, 𝐿. 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑙𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑘𝑎𝑠𝑖). The species inhabits shallow rapids with rocky and sandy substrates, feeding predominantly on aquatic insect larvae, supplemented by benthic invertebrates, and plant material. Despite environmental pressures from hydropower development and mining, the new species is widely distributed in the basin and is suggested as Least Concern (LC) under IUCN criteria. 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆 The specific epithet honours Tuíre Kayapó Mẽbêngôkre of the Kayapó people. Tuíre Kayapó was a pioneer of female leadership in defending Indigenous people, their territory, and the environment. She gained international recognition in the late 1980s when she held a machete to an Eletronorte engineer's face during a protest at a meeting in Altamira to discuss the construction of a hydroelectric complex on the Xingu River, then called Kararaô. Tuíre remains an emblematic figure of indigenous resistance. A genitive noun. 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 Top - A. Paratype of 𝐿𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑒𝐿𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑒, LIA 8151, 78.9 mm SL. Photo: Claudia Chaves. B. Living colouration of 𝐿𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑒 from the upper Xingu River. Photo: José Cezar Nolasco. C. Living colouration of 𝐿𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑒. (uncatalogued specimen) from the middle Xingu River. Photo: Leandro M. Sousa. Bottom - Xingu River in Brazil, at the type locality of 𝐿𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑒. B. Collection site of the new species. The stretch of the river illustrated here is located upstream from the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam. © 2026 the Author(s). Published in the journal Neotropical Ichthyology. An open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) licence. creativecommons.org/licenses… #NewSpecies #Ichthyology #Taxonomy #Biodiversity #AquariumHobby #Fishkeeping #Aquarist #TropicalFish #FishTank #Xingu #Rapids #FreeFlowingRivers #Brazil #Leporinus #Headstanders #Amazon #DNABarcode #Osteology #Characiformes #Anostomidae

#NewSpeciesAlert - 𝐺𝑦𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑢𝑠 (𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠) 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛, a new species of weakly electric knifefish (Gymnotidae), is described from the rio Barra Seca, a coastal basin in southeastern Brazil. 🔓 scielo.br/j/ni/a/DHgWSsGYQsr… The diagnostic characters and current composition of 𝐺𝑦𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑢𝑠 (𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠) are discussed in the study, together with a key to the identification of the species of 𝐺𝑦𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑢𝑠 (𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠). 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲 A new species of the electric fish genus 𝐺𝑦𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑢𝑠 (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) from rio Barra Seca, a coastal basin in the southeastern Brazil 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Cassaro VCC, Gonçalves MP, Campos-da-Paz R, Dutra GM, Datovo A. A new species of the electric fish genus 𝐺𝑦𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑢𝑠 (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) from rio Barra Seca, a coastal basin in the southeastern Brazil. Neotrop Ichthyology, 2026; 24(3): e250217. Available from: doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20… 𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 A new species of electric fish of the genus 𝐺𝑦𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑢𝑠 (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) is described from a coastal system in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. The new species is assigned to the subgenus 𝐺𝑦𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑢𝑠 (𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠), whose members are characterized by a coloration pattern composed of moderately sized dark blotches with diffuse margins along the body and by a discontinuous lateral line. The new species differs from all other species of the subgenus by a set of meristic and osteological characters. Diagnostic characters and the current composition of 𝐺𝑦𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑢𝑠 (𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠) are discussed. A key to identification of the species of 𝐺𝑦𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑢𝑠 (𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠) is provided. 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆 The specific epithet “𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛” is a reference to the language that emerged from the fusion of Italian dialects and Portuguese. Espírito Santo was one of the first Brazilian states to receive Italian immigrants, and the blend of their dialects with Brazilian Portuguese resulted in a unique linguistic variety formally known as “Talian”, which remains deeply rooted in communities of Italian descent. Talian has since been recognized as part of Brazil’s cultural heritage by IPHAN (the Institute of National Historical and Artistic Heritage). The name also pays tribute to the Italian ancestors of the first author, who settled in the city of Castelo, in southern Espírito Santo. A noun in apposition. 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 𝐺𝑦𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑢𝑠 (𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠) 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛, MZUSP 131674, holotype,98.4 mm TL, córrego do Pau Atravessado, rio Barra Seca basin at Santa Terezinha Farm, Linhares, Espírito Santo State, Brazil; (A) lateral view of head; (B) lateral view of body. Black arrow indicates the first ventral lateral line ramus. © 2026 the Author(s). Published in the journal Neotropical Ichthyology. An open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) licence. creativecommons.org/licenses… #NewSpecies #Ichthyology #Taxonomy #Biodiversity #AquariumHobby #Fishkeeping #Aquarist #TropicalFish #FishTank #Gymnotus #Gymnotiformes #Gymnotidae #rioBarraSeca #Brazil #Neotropical #Pantherus #KnifeFish #WeaklyElectricFish

#Conservation - When protecting wetlands is not enough: active conservation for threatened annual killifish. 🔓 zslpublications.onlinelibrar… "Losing a single temporary wetland can push species with highly restricted distributions towards extinction. In such cases, conservation may require more than just protecting what remains: active intervention may be needed to recreate the conditions required for population persistence. In southern Brazil, the drainage of a small wetland was threatening three annual killifish species of conservation concern: 𝐶𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑛𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠, 𝑀𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑤𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑓𝑖𝑖, and the globally endangered 𝐺𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑙𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖 (Godoy et al. 2026). Because the original wetland could not be preserved, researchers implemented an unconventional strategy: instead of translocating adult fish, sediment blocks containing fish egg banks were transferred to a newly created wetland within a protected area in the same municipality." 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲 When Protecting Wetlands Is Not Enough: Active Conservation for Threatened Annual Killifish 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Maltchik, L., R. S. Godoy, V. Weber, C. Stenert, and L. F. Bairos Moreira. 2026. “ When Protecting Wetlands Is Not Enough: Active Conservation for Threatened Annual Killifish.” Animal Conservation 1–3. doi.org/10.1111/acv.70112. 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 𝐺𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑙𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖 captured in the created wetland two years after sediment translocation. Photo by Robson Souza Godoy. © 2026 the Author(s). Published in the journal Animal Conservation. An open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) licence. creativecommons.org/licenses… #Garcialebias #Killifish #Killifishes #AnnualKillifish #Biodiversity #AquariumHobby #Fishkeeping #Aquarist #TropicalFish #FishTank #ZSL #Freshwater #Wetlands #FreshwaterConservation #Cynopoecilus #Megalebias

Miniaturization is widespread among vertebrates, yet its genomic basis remains poorly understood. 🔓 pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.26… In Cypriniformes, the most species-rich order of freshwater fishes, miniaturization has evolved repeatedly, producing two distinct forms: proportioned dwarfs, which closely resemble smaller versions of larger relatives, and progenetic miniatures, which retain larval traits due to developmental truncation into adulthood. By reconstructing the evolutionary history of miniaturization and performing comparative genomic analyses, the authors in this study show that progenetic miniatures, but not proportioned dwarfs, exhibit consistent genome size reductions. Independently evolved progenetic lineages share convergent genomic signatures, including repeat loss and genome-wide intron shortening. Their findings demonstrate that progenetic miniaturization is driven by predictable structural genomic changes, revealing a fundamental link between genome architecture and developmental truncation in vertebrates. 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲 Convergent genome streamlining accompanies independent miniaturization in the world’s smallest fishes 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 H. Sudasinghe, M. Matschiner, R. Britz, K.W. Conway, H.H. Tan, W. Salzburger,C.L. Peichel, & L. Rüber, Convergent genome streamlining accompanies independent miniaturization in the world’s smallest fishes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 123 (42) e2614605123, doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2614605… (2026). 𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 Miniaturization, the reduction of adult body size to an extreme degree, has evolved repeatedly across vertebrates. Yet its genomic underpinnings remain poorly understood. Cypriniformes, the most species-rich order of freshwater fishes, contains multiple miniaturized lineages that have evolved via contrasting developmental processes. Proportioned dwarfs are tiny-bodied but otherwise morphologically similar to larger relatives, while progenetic miniatures exhibit developmental truncation and retain larval-like anatomical features into adulthood. Using a new time-calibrated phylogeny of 309 cypriniform species and comparative genomic analyses of 33 high-quality genome assemblies, we investigated the evolutionary history and genomic correlates of miniaturization across this order. Ancestral state reconstruction revealed multiple independent origins of both miniature types, with reversals to the nonminiature state rarely recovered and miniature origins nonrandomly distributed across the phylogeny. The origins of the two types of miniatures differed in their timing. Progenetic miniatures arose predominantly in the Eocene whereas proportioned dwarfs arose mainly within the Miocene period. Genome size variation across Cypriniformes has been overwhelmingly driven by polyploidy. However, progenetic miniatures showed a directionally consistent, though nonsignificant, trend toward genome size reduction. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that all three independently evolved progenetic miniature lineages share convergent signatures of repeat loss alongside genome-wide intron shortening, patterns absent in proportioned dwarfs. Our study provides the broadest evidence to date that progenetic miniaturization, despite independent origins, is underpinned by predictable structural genomic changes, revealing a fundamental link between developmental truncation and genome architecture in vertebrates. 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 Time-calibrated phylogeny of Cypriniformes inferred from a dataset of combined first and second codon positions of BUSCO loci and ultraconserved elements (UCEs; 120 loci, 55,332 bp) under a relaxed clock model in BEAST 2. Branches are colored by family and node bars represent 95% HPD intervals in million years (Ma). Labeled nodes indicate fossil calibration points. Inset shows the same phylogeny collapsed to the family level. Fish illustrations by Nadeela Hirimuthugoda. nadeela.weebly.com/illustrat… © 2026 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. An open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) licence. creativecommons.org/licenses… #FreshwaterFishes #BodySize #ComparativeGenomic #Miniaturization #Macroevolution #Cypriniformes #Ichthyology #Biodiversity #AquariumHobby #Fishkeeping #Aquarist #TropicalFish #FishTank #Paedocypris #Danionella #Sundadanio #Fangfangia

#NewSpeciesAlert - 𝑂𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠, a new species of sharpbelly (Xenocyprididae), is described from the Xijiang River basin (middle and upper Pearl River system) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. The authors in the study also mark 𝑂𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑠 as a junior synonym of 𝑂𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑠 𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠. 🔓 mdpi.com/2076-2615/16/20/319… "Small, colorful freshwater fish of the genus 𝑂𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑠 inhabit rivers across China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and Vietnam. For decades, taxonomists have debated whether populations previously referred to as 𝑂. 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑠 from Fujian and Guangxi represent a single widespread species or multiple unrecognized lineages, due to their nearly indistinguishable jaw morphology. In this study, we integrated DNA sequencing and comparative morphology to resolve this taxonomic puzzle. We found that Fujian populations are conspecific with the widespread 𝑂. 𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠, while Guangxi populations (from the Xijiang River basin, including the Hongshuihe, Guijiang, and Liujiang Rivers) represent a new species named 𝑂𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 sp. nov., with its type locality in the Hongshuihe River. Unlike closely related species with wavy-edged jaws, the new species is diagnosed by a higher lateral line scale count and prominent nuptial tubercles on the lower jaw (notable in breeding males). Our results clarify fish diversity in southern China and highlight the value of integrative taxonomy for biodiversity research in the Pearl River basin." 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲 Integrative Taxonomy Reveals a New Species of 𝑂𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑠 (Teleostei, Cypriniformes) from the Pearl River Basin in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, with Synonymization of 𝑂. 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑠 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Huang, Y.-W.; Lin, F.; Zhou, J.-J.; Li, M.-Y.; Gui, L.; Yang, J.-Q. Integrative Taxonomy Reveals a New Species of 𝑂𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑠 (Teleostei, Cypriniformes) from the Pearl River Basin in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, with Synonymization of 𝑂. 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑠. Animals 2026, 16, 3193. doi.org/10.3390/ani16203193 𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 The taxonomy of 𝑂𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑠 Bleeker, 1863 in southern China is complicated by conflicting morphological and molecular evidence, particularly the status of 𝑂. 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑠 Nichols, 1926, long treated as a junior synonym of 𝑂. 𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠 Günther, 1873 until its revalidation. To resolve this, we adopted an integrative approach combining D-loop sequencing to anchor specimens to the 𝑂. 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑠 lineage (supplementing scarce GenBank data with vouchers bearing undulating jaw margins), genus-wide cytochrome b (cyt b) phylogenetics to avoid circular reasoning, and detailed comparative morphology. D-loop analyses revealed that all specimens with undulating jaw margins formed two clades: Fujian Province populations clustered with 𝑂. 𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠, while Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region populations formed a distinct monophyletic lineage. Cyt b phylogenetics confirmed Fujian populations shared <2.0% uncorrected p-distances with 𝑂. 𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠 and showed extensive morphological overlap, reaffirming 𝑂. 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑠 as a junior synonym of 𝑂. 𝑏𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠. In contrast, Guangxi populations from the Xijiang River basin (middle and upper Pearl River system, including the Hongshuihe, Guijiang and Liujiang Rivers) formed a distinct monophyletic lineage with 7.4–15.9% uncorrected p-distances from congeners, diagnosed by 49–55 lateral-line scales, two pharyngeal tooth rows, and prominent lower-jaw tubercles arranged in 1–2 rows in breeding males. This lineage is described as a new species of 𝑂𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑠, with its type locality in the Hongshuihe River. Collectively, our findings not only resolve a long-standing taxonomic puzzle but also underscore the efficacy of integrative taxonomy in uncovering cryptic diversity within the highly biodiverse yet understudied Pearl River basin. 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆 The specific epithet 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 is derived from “bagui” (八桂), the historical toponym of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Latinized from Chinese pinyin with the locative suffix -𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 indicating origin from the type locality. We propose the Chinese vernacular name “八桂马口鱼 (Bā Guì Mǎ Kǒu Yú)” for this species. 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 Habitat photograph of 𝑂𝑝𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑡ℎ𝑦𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 sp. nov. (male). The site has a relatively flat riverbed substrate. © 2026 the Author(s). Published in the journal Animals. An open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) licence. creativecommons.org/licenses… #NewSpecies #Ichthyology #Taxonomy #Biodiversity #AquariumHobby #Fishkeeping #Aquarist #TropicalFish #FishTank #IntegrativeTaxonomy #Opsariichthys #Cypriniformes #Cyprinid #PearlRiver #China #Xenocyprididae

#NewSpeciesAlert - 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑠, 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠, 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑠 and 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑎, four new species of African suckermouth catfishes (Mochockidae), are described from southern Africa. 🔓 onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/… "Results from this study support preliminary field observations that had identified considerable morphological and colour pattern variation among specimens collected from this system, which were all previously lumped together into the ‘basket’ name, 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖." 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲 A deeper look into the diversity of suckermouth catfishes (Mochockidae: 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 Peters 1868) of southern Africa, with the description of four new species 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Mutizwa, T. I., Ntokoane, T., & Chakona, A. (2026). A deeper look into the diversity of suckermouth catfishes (Mochockidae: 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 Peters 1868) of southern Africa, with the description of four new species. Journal of Fish Biology, 1–22. doi.org/10.1111/jfb.70683 𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 Suckermouth catfishes of the genus 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 Peters 1868 are small and predominantly rheophilic fishes endemic to Africa. This genus is quite diverse, with over 70 species distributed across most river systems on the continent, except for the Cape Fold ecoregion and most of northern Africa. The present study undertook detailed genetic and morphological examination of suckermouth catfishes collected from multiple localities across the Zambezi River system. Results from this study support preliminary field observations that had identified considerable morphological and colour pattern variation among specimens collected from this system, which were all previously lumped together into the ‘basket’ name, 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖. Herein, we describe four new species: 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑠 sp. nov., 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 sp. nov., 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑠 sp. nov. and 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑎 sp. nov. based on a combination of molecular differentiation and distinctive morphological traits. We discuss additional diversity within this group that will be addressed in a future follow-up study of this group. Accurate species identification within widely distributed model taxa is fundamental to reconstructing historical biogeographic processes. In the case of suckermouth catfishes, a genus with a pan-African distribution, resolving taxonomic diversity and clarifying distributional boundaries will provide future biogeographic studies with the important ingredients to unravel historic patterns of drainage evolution and connectivity patterns across the continent. Additionally, the urgent need for conservation of habitats such as montane streams that not only play a pivotal role in providing water resources but also harbour high levels of endemic biodiversity is highlighted. 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 Top left: Holotype of 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑠 sp. nov. SAIAB 247336, female specimen. Scale bar: 1 cm. Top right: Holotype of 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 sp. nov. SAIAB 247316, male specimen. Scale bar: 1 cm. Bottom left: Holotype of 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑎 sp. nov. SAIAB 247318, female specimen. Scale bar: 1 cm. Bottom right: Holotype of 𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑠 sp. nov. SAIAB 247317, female specimen. Scale bar: 1 cm. © 2026 the Author(s). Published in the Journal of Fish Biology. An open access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) licence. creativecommons.org/licenses… #NewSpecies #Ichthyology #Taxonomy #Biodiversity #AquariumHobby #Fishkeeping #Aquarist #TropicalFish #FishTank #Mochockidae #Chiloglanis #Africa #Catfish #Catfishes