Hey #MedEd peeps, one quick reminder: Measures of "perceived #learning" are NOT the same as actual learning. In fact, in some cases, scores on these two measures may be negatively correlated; that is, you felt like you learned more, but you actually learned less. This has implication for study design: in most cases, you should avoid the development and use of scales that measure perceived learning, since the #validity of those scores is questionable, at best.