Common causes when it comes to a histamine intolerance👇 First of all, how can you know if you are struggling with one? The most basic symptom is if you get anxiety, insomnia, gut issues, skin issues and even hair loss after eating certain high histamine foods such as fermented foods for example or foods and even supplements that have citric acid in them. If you break out for example when you supplement magnesium citrate or vitamin K (both K1 and K2) then this could very well indicate a histamine intolerance. Of course, histamine is important. It affects our gut, sleep-wake cycle, certain hormones, appetite, the function of our pituitary gland and the overall function of our metabolism. In the case of hypothalamic histamine it also regulates things such as oxytocin, b-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and prolactin. And obviously it also affects our immune system since it regulates T cells, B cells and dendritic cells (for example, Th1 cells have a H1-R prevalence and Th1 cytokines are also associated with conditions such as atopic dermatitis). It is also synthesized from histidine (or L-histidine to be more precise) through L-histidine decarboxylase which is expressed in mast cells, basophilis, parietal cells and the gastric mucosa. So basically histamine is formed through the decarboxylation of L-histidine. Just as with the other neurotransmitters, we don’t want to go too low or too high on histamine. If we go too low for example, we’ll lose some of its brain protective effects, our libido will be too low and we will experience fatigue. If we go too high, we can experience things such as anxiety since it enhances the excitatory transmission at the NMDA receptors (which also means that we can experience neurotoxic effects as well) for example. In order to understand how many things histamine affects overall, keep in mind that we have 4 types of receptors that modulate histamine. The H1, H2, H3 and H4. All of them are G-protein coupled receptors (7-transmembrane chain proteins) which is why in the case of H1 for example, an increase in cytoplasmic calcium can happen (Gq-coupled receptor). H1 receptors are mostly found in neurons, muscle cells in the air way and blood vessels. They partly regulate our emotional state, ability to learn, sleep, appetite and locomotion. H2 receptors are found for the most part in our gut (the gastric mucosa parietal cells), heart and muscle cells. H3 receptors are found in histaminergic neurons that affect the release of dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin and noradrenaline in the CNS. And last but not least, H4 receptors are found in the bone marrow and peripheral hematopoietic cells. But enough with these, chances are that you want to know what you need to pay attention to if you are experiencing a histamine intolerance. Of course: standard disclaimer that nothing in this thread should be used as a substitute for medical advice. Trouble maker number 1: Gut issues such as SIBO and candida. A lot of histamine is stored in the ECL cell of the stomach for example, SIBO is known to cause histamine intolerance and things such as candida can produce oxalates and also cause histamine intolerance. Trouble maker number 2: Not getting enough zinc, C, B1, B6, B12, B9, copper and bioavailable protein since these are are DAO and HNMT cofactors. HUGE disclaimer: If you don't get enough B1 and B6, supplementing with thiamine and P5P in the short run could very well help. But remember that these supplements are manufactured through anaerobic fermentation so if you fix a thiamine deficiency for example, then you will start to notice side effects. Trouble maker number 3: Mold / Mycotoxins. Test wise, if you can afford it you can test: -Alternaria -Aspergillus -Cladosporium -Mucor -Stachybotrys -Satratoxin G and H -Roridin A, E and H -Verrucarin A and J -Zearalenone -Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) -Sterigmatocystin (STG) -Roridin E -Ochratoxin A (OTA) -Enniatin B1 -Verrucarin A -Gliotoxin -Mycophenolic Acid -Chaetoglobosin A -Citrinin Now some practical suggestions would be: ● Avoiding grains and most coffee brands ● Eating some fiber / use binders ●Keeping the humidity levels at your house at a healthy level by using a dehumidifier. ● Using an infrared sauna instead of the classic one due to the humidity levels. ● If you have mold in your house, remove with the help of a professional or if you can not afford it, search for items such as biobalance. Trouble maker number 4: Methylation issues. HMNT, converts histamine into N-methylhistamine and without enough methyl groups this can not properly happen *If you have no idea what methylation is, it's the "result" of the methionine and folate cycles. Trouble maker number 5: Estrogen excess. We just talked about methylation and poor methylation can lead to problems with estrogen clearance by messing up COMT which can lead mast cells to release histamine (but also downregulate DAO). Trouble maker number 6: Consuming too many histamine rich foods (but also oxalate and salicylate rich foods as well). Some of these foods include stuff such as: ● Kefir ● Aged cheeses ● Canned foods ● Chocolate ● Soy ● Nuts ● Mustard ● Tomatoes ● Cured meats ● Dried fruit ● Preservatives ● Bananas ● Yogurt ● Kimchi ● Kombucha ● Coffee ● Vinegar ● Yeast ● Sourdough ● Alcohol ● Too much olive oi *Certain amines in things such as cereal, walnuts and bananas are degraded by the same pathway as histamine and if thus if you are struggling with an excess, the competition” between these two pathways and the third one is that things such as nicotine and alcohol block DAO. Trouble maker number 7: Lack of sunlight / vitamin D deficiency. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2799… "But the sun will..." No it won't, read this: xitter.cf/Helios_Movement/status…… Trouble maker number 8: "Excessive" serotonin. Serotonin is an indoleamine and thus derived from tryptophan by TPH (tryptophan hydroxylase (the rate-limiting enzyme)) (type 1(TPH1) is found in the gut and produces 95% of the total serotonin inside the body and type 2 (TPH2) in the brain and acts mainly in the nervous system). How can serotonin become elevated? The main reasons for most people seem to be: 1) Poor liver function 2)Lack of sunlight 3) Poor function of the kynurenine pathway 4) An increase in its synthesis via tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) 5) Reduced monoamine oxidase A function (MAO-A breaks down serotonin) 6) A decrease in SERT (serotonin transporter) function. 7) Estrogen/alcohol 8) Certain deficiencies (in fat soluble vitamins for example and B2, B6 (kynurenine pathway) 9) Improper supplementation (5 HTP etc) 10) An unbalance amino acid profile in a person’s diet That's pretty much it. In case you read through this i hope that you gained some of the missing puzzle pieces (because no one will just wake up and give us the roadmap for solving all of our problems). If you did, make sure to leave a like. A bonus cause would be iron, you can find more about this here: xitter.cf/Helios_Movement/status…… Now for meal plans on gut issues such as SIBO, candida, H. Pylori, hemochromatosis, low libido, histamine intolerance and more, you can go here: fitandball.gumroad.com/l/the…