President Obama explains how he solves problems he's not an expert on: When asked by Destin Sandlin (creator of Smarter Every Day) how he gets up to speed on unfamiliar topics, Obama reveals an approach rooted in the scientific method. "Over the years you accumulate knowledge and you test hypothesis and propositions. So how I think about it today is different than the first day I walked into the oval office." He explains that after years in office, he built a baseline of knowledge that changed how he consumed information. Instead of going deep into every briefing book, he began scanning for what was different, looking for anomalies against patterns he'd already seen. "I've learned to be pretty good at listening carefully to people who know a lot more than I do about a topic and making sure that any dissenting voices are in the room at the same time." Obama describes a deliberate structure: After an initial presentation, he makes sure to hear from everyone present. He asks whether anyone disagrees with the baseline facts. He asks whether there's any evidence that contradicts what was just said. If there is, he wants that argument made directly in front of him. "What I'm pretty good at is then asking questions, poking, prodding, testing propositions and seeing if they hold up." He draws a direct parallel between this approach and the scientific method. Accumulate knowledge, challenge assumptions, pressure-test conclusions. A powerful reminder that the best decision-makers aren't the ones with all the answers. They're the ones who know which questions to ask and who to listen to.