In a five-server Raft cluster, a majority is 3, so any 2 servers can fail and the cluster keeps working.

A Raft follower that hears no heartbeat for the election timeout becomes a candidate, adds 1 to its term and asks for votes. A majority of the full cluster wins.

A credit rating is an estimate of relative credit risk from a third party, not a buy, sell, or hold recommendation.

Asking PostgreSQL for Read Uncommitted behaves like Read Committed. Names in the SQL standard do not always map one-to-one to an implementation

A database commit doesn't require every changed data page to reach disk immediately. PostgreSQL can flush the needed write-ahead log first, then redo missing changes after a crash. Source: PostgreSQL WAL docs.

For ordinary U.S. cash dividends, a purchase before the ex-date generally includes the next dividend. A purchase on or after it does not. Check the announced date and exceptions

A timeout is missing evidence, not proof of failure. Stripe APIv1 idempotency keys let retries of one operation return its stored result after execution begins. Keep the same key and parameters.

A hash ring is placement, not the whole distributed system. Replication, hot-key control and failure handling still need their own design. Multiple virtual positions can improve load distribution

Consistent hashing maps keys and servers into the same circular space. Adding a server changes ownership of an interval, instead of reshuffling every key. Stable placement reduces cache disruption.

A stock split changes share count, not your ownership slice. Illustrative arithmetic: 10 x $100 becomes 20 x $50 in a 2:1 split. Same $1,000 at the adjusted price, not a return forecast. A lower share price after a split does not make the business cheaper by valuation. Unlike issuing new shares, a split itself does not dilute existing ownership.