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ALT Appendix E Visual illustration of the six patients in the VR orthoptics simulator
ALT Fig. 1 B- Physiological monitoring. Signals for each participant were recorded by a six-lead electrocardiogram (in red, wires attached to four foam adhesive electrodes placed at each shoulder and each ankle) and noninvasive blood pressure (in blue, small inflatable cuff on middle phalanx of middle finger). A dry electroencephalography system was placed on the participant’s head, while eye tracking glasses were used to record pupil diameter and gaze location. C-Bilateral stimulation montage. Adhesive electrodes were placed on each side of the neck, between the ear and jawline, and each side of the torso, below the ribcage on the midclavicular line. The return for each neck electrode was on the contralateral torso electrode. D One-sided stimulation montage. Adhesive electrodes were placed on one side of the neck, between the ear and jawline, and the return electrode was on the ipsilateral side of the torso, below the ribcage on the midclavicular line. Shown is the right side only
ALT Fig 1. B- Transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) of auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN) or tAN (stimulation of auriculotemporal nerve (ATN) and ABVN) administered via Spark Volta device. C- Electrode positioning for taVNS (regions 1 and 3) or tAN (regions 1, 2 and 3). Region 3 is the return electrode. Adapted from Czura et al. (Czura et al. 2026)
ALT Fig4.Comparison of visualization approaches: volumetric rendering versus hybrid vascular-skeletal display. Representative images comparing two distinct VR implementation strategies for pancreatic tumor assessment. Left panels show the volumetric rendering approach used in this study: coronal view (A) and axial view (C) displaying abdominal CT with minimal opacity adjustments approximating CSI abdominal windowing, maintaining visualization of all soft tissue structures including pancreas, liver, and bowel. Right (B, D) demonstrate the hybrid approach described by Kunz et al., displaying exclusively isolated osseous structures and contrast-enhanced vessels with integrated cross-sectional cutting planes. Original image cropped and adapted from Kunz JM, et al. Assessment of resectability of pancreatic cancer using novel immersive high-performance virtual reality rendering of abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg.2024;19:1677–1687. CC4
