As the rain pours in the Central Valley of California, consider the National Dairy FARM Standards, which they say 98% of facilities adhere to. The standards state: "All age classes of animals have a resting area that is clean, dry, provides adequate cushion at all times, and does not pose risk of injury." "Adequate bedding keeps cows clean and offers cushion, traction, and helps mediate temperature (i.e., thermal insulation with straw for calves in winter, or sand bedding to keep animals cool in summer). Cattle spend less time lying down in wet bedding or mud and will avoid wet surfaces if given a choice. Dryness is also important for udder health, as well as for bedding to provide insulating properties." "Animal hygiene is an indicator of animal health and welfare. Lactating cows with reduced hygiene are at an increased risk of mastitis and reduced udder health. Providing a clean, dry space for cattle to lie down is important for keeping them healthy and comfortable while they rest. Lying down is an important resting behavior for cattle in terms of maximizing health and production and reducing incidence of lameness." 90% of cows are supposed to score a 2 or less on the hygiene score card, meaning that the cows do not have an area exceeding 11" of mud or manure on their flank or hind legs. In my experience, many dairies in the Central Valley do not actually adhere to these standards. Footage shot by me last week in Tulare County. #vetmed #vettwitter #animalwelfare