First foreigner initiated into the Naga Babas (Kumbh 1971) · Shri Mahant, Juna Akhara · Sacred Speech, Sanskrit & the civilization state · Inflection Point
Bharat
Joined June 2008
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In the 19th century they imported a three-letter virus into India: I-S-M. A word that meant only a place became an ideology.
तीन अक्षरों का वायरस: I-S-M
Baba Rampuri retweeted
♀ 06. ŠUKRA ~ VENERA
Moć da počnemo ponovo. 🪷
Isplanirao si savršeno veče.
Hranu. Muziku. Prelepu atmosferu.
A onda čuješ:
„Više ne osećam bliskost s tobom.”
Guru nas je pitao da li živimo ono što znamo.
Šukra nas pita šta naša ljubav može da oživi.
To je Šukra ~ Venera.
📜 Varāhamihira ga u Bṛhat Jātaki povezuje sa željom - i daje mu mesto savetnika uz Gurua.
Phaladīpikā dodaje brak, čulno zadovoljstvo, bogatstvo, muziku, poeziju i prijatan govor.
Njegovo ime nosi značenja sjaja, beline i semena - stvaralačke supstance kroz koju se život nastavlja.
A Šukrācārya je učitelj: duhovni učitelj Asura.
U Śiva Purāṇi, Śiva mu daruje Mṛtasañjīvanī - znanje o vraćanju mrtvih u život. Isto predanje govori i o njegovom izlasku iz Śivinog tela kroz semeni put.
Želja. Rađanje. Tajna obnavljanja. 🌱
Sada se vrati tom večeru.
Spuštaš telefon.
Mogao bi da braniš sve što si pripremio.
Umesto toga, pitaš:
„Šta sam prestao da primećujem?” 🤍
Ovde diplomatija postaje umeće približavanja teškoj istini, a da drugoj osobi ne oduzmemo dostojanstvo.
Možeš li da vratiš toplinu u razgovor koji se ohladio? 🤝
Ali i slatkoća može da prikriva izbegavanje.
Da li obnavljaš bliskost - ili govoriš sve što je potrebno samo da bi sačuvao mir? 🪞
Pri tumačenju Šukre razmatram, između ostalog, njegovu snagu, kojim kućama vlada, društvo drugih graha, dṛṣṭi - aspekte - i njegovog dispozitora.
Kroz tu celovitu sliku istražujemo kako se želja, odnosi i sposobnost obnavljanja oblikuju u tvom životu.
Veče se završava.
Godine prolaze.
Šta tvoja ljubav može da ponese kada život postane težak?
Tu susrećemo Šanija - Saturn … ♄
#VedicAstrology #Jyotish
Baba Rampuri retweeted
True
WHY PRAISE EUROPEAN NOT INDIAN NAMES?
Another Western “Famous Mathematicians” post.
But where are the Indian pioneers whose work came centuries earlier?
🇮🇳 Baudhāyana → a² + b² = c² BEFORE Pythagoras
🇮🇳 Piṅgala → Binary patterns BEFORE Leibniz
🇮🇳 Āryabhaṭa → Earth's rotation BEFORE Copernicus
🇮🇳 Brahmagupta → 1000 years BEFORE Pell's equation
🇮🇳 Bhāskara I → Rational sine approximation, centuries BEFORE Padé
🇮🇳 Mādhava → Infinite series BEFORE Newton
🇮🇳 Nīlakaṇṭha Somayāji → Planetary model BEFORE Tycho Brahe
These Indian mathematicians deserve recognition too.
👇 YOUR TURN:
Which ONE of these Indians deserves far more recognition, and WHY? Jai Hind & Satyameva Jayate
🔁 Repost and ask a maths teacher, historian, influencer or friend to join the discussion.
👉 Follow @jcrabtree for the Maths they Tried to Hide.
ALT WHY PRAISE EUROPEAN NOT INDIAN NAMES? Another Western “Famous Mathematicians” post. But where are the Indian pioneers whose work came centuries earlier? 🇮🇳 Baudhāyana → a² + b² = c² BEFORE Pythagoras 🇮🇳 Piṅgala → Binary patterns BEFORE Leibniz 🇮🇳 Āryabhaṭa → Earth's rotation BEFORE Copernicus 🇮🇳 Brahmagupta → 1000 years BEFORE Pell's equation 🇮🇳 Bhāskara I → Rational sine approximation, centuries BEFORE Padé 🇮🇳 Mādhava → Infinite series BEFORE Newton 🇮🇳 Nīlakaṇṭha Somayāji → Planetary model BEFORE Tycho Brahe These Indian mathematicians deserve recognition too.
At the dhunis where I have sat for more than half a century, the Puranas are told, the Veda is recited, and lineages are named back through the centuries. No one there learned who they are from a textbook.
Yet for nearly two hundred years, Indian schools taught our children their own past as their rulers wrote it, in the rulers' language and categories. Why should a civilization that never forgot itself take its history from those who never lived it?
We know who we are. We must tell it ourselves.
One of those categories has just three letters: ism. Applied to us, it turned a living civilization into a belief system to be classified. The full talk: rampuri.com/the-three-letter…
Baba Rampuri retweeted
Divine Shringar Aarti Darshan of Maharani Adishakti Maa Gadkalika from Ujjain.
Jai Mata Di 🙌
Baba Rampuri retweeted
Its simpler than that: varna is occupational class, jati is a kinship network like scottish clan. Both are universal features of pre modern societies.
Caste in the indian context loosely means jati. It has no relation to varna at all, except in the case of brahmins who are the only pan indian jati
‘They’re the same thing’, to asking me to ‘explain the differences’.
Well, assuming they’re the same ignores 3,000 years of linguistic evolution.
Varna and Jati both have Sanskrit roots.
Caste isn’t even an Indian word.
Varna comes from the Sanskrit root ‘vṛ’ meaning ‘to classify’ or ‘to choose’.
The Bhagavad Gita 4.13 explicitly defined it by guna (qualities) and karma (actions).
Not birth.
Jati comes from the Sanskrit root ‘jan’, meaning ‘to be born’.
Chapter 10 of the Manusmriti treats jatis as distinct, birth-based occupational/regional groups, separate from the varnas.
Caste comes from the Portuguese casta (via Latin castus, meaning ‘pure/unmixed breed’).
Look up ‘limpeza de sangue’, what it means and what the Portuguese did when they colonised Goa.
16th-century European traders and later British census officials imposed this label onto India to lump varna and jati together.
Despite different roots, different languages, different meanings.
In 56 years as a Naga sadhu of Juna Akhara, I have never once heard the tradition speak of arriving from somewhere else. And this is a tradition that remembers everything: its rivers and tirthas, its lineages of gurus and kings, its wars. It carried the texts by memory, generation after generation, until they were written down and modern scholars could read them. How did the keepers miss one of the greatest migrations in history? This is not civilizational pride. It is civilizational confidence. We know who we are.
I know it's very popular around here to dismiss the "Aryan Invasion Theory," but seriously ... male North Indian DNA comes from the steppes, while female is native. The North Indian languages come from the steppes, while the South Indian languages are native. The Harappan civilization collapsed at the same time that Sanskrit seems to have appeared in India. Modern Western scholars don't like the word "invasion" because they are ideologically committed to the principle that mass migrations of libidinous young men are inherently peaceful. But I don't understand why Indian nationalists are so unhappy with the idea that their ancestors from 3000 years ago may have come from somewhere else. My ancestors from 120 years ago moved from Europe to American, and I am an absolutely proud American. Dismissing the obvious explanation that ties together all the evidence in favor of "could have been" arguments that strain to fit the evidence into a "we all lived peacefully here together from time immemorial" argument is simply unnecessary. All of our ancestors ultimately came from Africa.
ADDITIONAL EDIT: On top of all this, North Indians (like Europeans) tend to be lactose tolerant, while South Indians tend to be lactose intolerant. Horses came into India at the same time as the extinction of Harappan civilization. If the Indo-Europeans came out of India, why did they have NO South Indian DNA? Did North Indians and South Indians live side-by-side for thousands of years with no genetic mixing? I mean, the evidence just goes on and on.
ADDITIONAL ADDITIONAL: Steppe nomads continued to invade (and conquer) both European and Indian territories well into the historical era. Settled people never spread the other way to conquer Central Asia until the advent of firearms. The chariot originated on the steppes. Ancient "Aryans" were beef-eaters, as reflected in the Vedas. Etc., etc.
Another brilliant talk by Pandit Ji, which brings into focus the conflict between the nation-state and the resumption of the civilization state, challenging Macaulay's dream.
Did Dr Mohan Bhagwat ji come to Britain to defend Dharma—or to recruit Macaulay’s sepoys?
Four generations of British Hindus faced racism with dignity. Now @RSSorg seems to offer the British establishment what it has long demanded: obedient Hindus.
Watch. Judge for yourself.
Baba Rampuri retweeted
Some of the big ships mentioned in the Rgveda might have traded with Sumeria!
In my research Meluha/ Mleccha was the southern IVC region and Aratta was the North IVC Region known in Rgveda as Sapta Sindhu and today known as the Greater Punjab.
Rgveda has 150 plus mention of the ocean. This is double than the mention of Sarasvati River (Sarsuti - Ghaggar - Hakra - Nara) flowing through Haryana around 75 times.
Thus, Rgveda focus on a maritime culture in the southern Rgvedic lands (Meluha = Mleccha) boardering the southern ocean (Arabian Sea) more than it focus on a riverine culture in the northern Rgvedic lands (Aratta = Sapta Sindhu).
Both Meluha and Aratta are mentioned as eastern lands in the Sumerian texts - one a land of ocean and the other a land of mountains and rivers!
Both are thus referring to the Rgvedic lands to the south and north!
Rgveda in addition also mentions huge ships and boats and huge wealth coming from the four oceans - which in our geography analysis - resolves into the Rann of Kutch (formerly a shallow sea) with seaports like Dholavira (Kushasthali/ Dvaraka), Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Khambhat and the Arabian Sea.
Baba Rampuri retweeted
Blessed Abhishekam Darshan of Shri Dodda Ganapati in Bengaluru.
Jai Shri Ganesh 🌺
Baba Rampuri retweeted
Bappa doesn't just remove obstacles;
He gives us strength to overcome them.
ॐ सुमुखाय नमः🔆
Baba Rampuri retweeted
श्री राम स्तुति
*************
॥दोहा॥
श्री रामचन्द्र कृपालु भजुमन
हरण भवभय दारुणं ।
नव कंज लोचन कंज मुख
कर कंज पद कंजारुणं ॥१॥
कन्दर्प अगणित अमित छवि
नव नील नीरद सुन्दरं ।
पटपीत मानहुँ तडित रुचि शुचि
नोमि जनक सुतावरं ॥२॥
भजु दीनबन्धु दिनेश दानव
दैत्य वंश निकन्दनं ।
रघुनन्द आनन्द कन्द कोशल
चन्द दशरथ नन्दनं ॥३॥
शिर मुकुट कुंडल तिलक
चारु उदारु अङ्ग विभूषणं ।
आजानु भुज शर चाप धर
संग्राम जित खरदूषणं ॥४॥
इति वदति तुलसीदास शंकर
शेष मुनि मन रंजनं ।
मम् हृदय कंज निवास कुरु
कामादि खलदल गंजनं ॥५॥
मन जाहि राच्यो मिलहि सो
वर सहज सुन्दर सांवरो ।
करुणा निधान सुजान शील
स्नेह जानत रावरो ॥६॥
एहि भांति गौरी असीस सुन सिय
सहित हिय हरषित अली।
तुलसी भवानिहि पूजी पुनि-पुनि
मुदित मन मन्दिर चली ॥७॥
॥सोरठा॥
जानी गौरी अनुकूल सिय
हिय हरषु न जाइ कहि ।
मंजुल मंगल मूल वाम
अङ्ग फरकन लगे।
रचयिता: गोस्वामी तुलसीदास
Baba Rampuri retweeted
Are Vanaras Austro-Asiatic?
How Central India and Southeast Asia shaped the Ramayana world
When we look beyond the symbolism, the Vānara of the Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa are not monkeys! They are forest tribes of Central and Eastern India, the Austro-Asiatic speaking peoples who still inhabit those regions today. Their languages, myths, and place-names preserve the earliest layers of the Indian linguistic landscape.
The word Vānara itself
-------
“Va-nara?” literally means “Are they men?” It is a question, not a non human species.
It follows the same linguistic pattern as Kim-nara? (Are they human?) and Kim-puruṣa? (Are they men?).
Such forms occur when Samskrit-speaking settlers of the Gangetic plains first encountered unfamiliar peoples -- forest dwellers, hunters, and shifting cultivators -- whose speech belonged to the Munda branch of the Austro-Asiatic family.
In the Rāmāyaṇa, the “Vanaras” inhabit the Vindhya and Dandaka forests — exactly the area where Munda languages and cultures were dominant between 2200 and 1500 BCE.
The word Laṅkā — an Austro-Asiatic legacy
---------
“Laṅkā” is an Austro-Asiatic loanword into Samskrit, meaning “island within a river, lake, or backwater.”
It referred originally to estuarine or deltaic islands, not to the distant island of Sri Lanka.
Dravidian languages later borrowed it from Austro-Asiatic speakers and applied it to the many islands of the Godavari and Krishna deltas.
Only in the late historic period (post-Gupta) was the name extended to Tamraparṇi-dvīpa / Siṃhala dvīpa — the island now known as Sri Lanka.
In the Rāmāyaṇa, “Laṅkā” denoted the Bhagatrav port-island in the wide Narmada estuary (~2000–1700 BCE) — the maritime “south” of the Harappan world.
Southeast Asian echoes in later Rāmāyaṇa layers
-----------
The youngest sargas of the Kiṣkindhā Kāṇḍa describe lands far to the east — Yava-dvīpa, Suvarṇabhūmi, Bali, and islands with smoking mountains (volcanoes).
These correspond to Indonesia and Southeast Asia, indicating additions during or after Mauryan naval expeditions (c. 320–250 BCE), when Indian traders and Buddhist monks reached these coasts.
The old Austro-Asiatic connection made this integration natural — peoples of Southeast Asia shared cognate tongues and forest-rice traditions with the Munda of India.
A unified linguistic arc
---------
By the Mauryan period, Austro-Asiatic speech zones stretched from Central India to Vietnam, forming a prehistoric continuum of rice-growing, forest-dwelling cultures.
This is why Rāmāyaṇa found instant resonance in Southeast Asia — in Khmer, Thai, Javanese, and Balinese adaptations. The Vanaras were recognized as their own ancestors, not alien creatures.
🕉 Conclusion
----------
The Vānara chapters of Rāmāyaṇa preserve memories of Austro-Asiatic India, while its later Southeast Asian episodes reflect Mauryan maritime expansion.
The bridge between Vindhya and Java was not just mythic. It was linguistic and cultural, woven through rice, forests, and faith.
---------
Next we will explore - How far did Vanaras search for Sita? Did they went to South America ?
-----------
Say yes to start this expedition following the footsteps of Vanaras!👍🔥🔥🔥
Series Name:-
#GeoChronology
Baba Rampuri retweeted
Axiomatic mathematics is dead.
1. On one side, AI has shown that human axiomatic mathematicians, even their Fields Medalists, etc., are 2nd-rate theorem-provers, just as human grandmasters are 2nd-rate chess players. Therefore, IF the human axiomatic mathematicians are paid to prove theorems, they should be kicked out of their jobs as incompetent, and more competent AI should be allowed to take over.
2. On the other hand, proving theorems of axiomatic mathematics has nil practical value, whether proved by humans or AI. Thus, the theorems of axiomatic math are NOT true in the real world but are mere "relative truths", i.e., "fantasy truths" relative to fantasy axioms of infinity/eternity which cannot be verified or falsified and must be accepted purely on the Western authority which laid them down. All that axiomatic proof does is to make the simplest math pf 1+1=2 extraordinarily difficult, to create a large mass of mathematically illiterate people terrified of math, hence forced to be obedient to Western authority on the most trivial aspects of math.
3. It was for this political reason, of creating obedience to padreist authority, that axiomatic proof was invented in crusading Christian theology in the 14th c. To hide the fact of its church origins, this method of proof was falsely attributed to a non-existent Euclid, in whose purported book (which first arrived in Europe ca. 1125), axiomatic proofs are NOT found. Because colonial mathematics taught us blind obedience, we foolishly accepted the padreist propaganda without checking whether there really was a Euclid, whether he really gave axiomatic proof or whether such axiomatic proofs originated with the church. On this boast of European "supremacy", we handed over on a platter the minds of our children to the padres for their evil childhood indoctrination.
4. I have repeatedly pointed out that (a) there is no evidence for Euclid, (b) there are no axiomatic proofs in the Euclid book. (c) axiomatic proofs are inferior, not superior, since they prohibit the empirical. etc. However, the sad fact is that nobody in this country of 1.4 billion people can stand up and demand that these stupid lies should be removed from school texts or that the education minister should resign. We are terrified, dead-scared of math, not weapons.
5. It was finally admitted in the 20th c. by Europeans themselves, Hilbert, Russell and Birkhoff, that there are no axiomatic proofs in the Euclid book. But we are too mathematically illiterate even to understand that admission. After this admission, the myth of Euclid changed a bit.
6. The myth that axiomatic proof originated with "Euclid" was shamelessly replaced by the even more false claim that the non-existent "Euclid" "intended" axiomatic proofs, but erred. This is so false! The book is manifestly full of diagrams, irrelevant to axiomatic proof, but deeply relevant to Platonic religious geometry, a connection to be expected of any early Greek or church quadrivium texts. But the church aim is to bury the church origin of axiomatic proof at all costs. The only thing Indians can do in math is to blindly accept whatever Western authority says and we dare not demand any evidence or apply our own mind. Applying one's own mind or checking the evidence would be "fringe", 😃contrary to the blind obedience of the "mainstream".
7. In the same spirit of blind obedience to church dogma planted in Western math, we introduced modern mathematics when the US did so after the Sputnik crisis, even though that axiomatic math is useless for rocket science.
8. Anyway, now there is only one job left for human axiomatic mathematicians. It is to cheat and to fool people. They aim to preserve this web of deceptive myths and lies about the math created by church padres. Manjul Bhargabva did not respond to my exposure of the myths and superstitions of axiomatic math (Western ethnomath) (pic 1) because (a) he had no valid response and (b) he thought the best way to suppress the exposure of church lies is by not responding.
9. What he aims to do for Indian education (and has done) is perfectly clear from the way he has preserved the church quadrivium teaching of invisible points in class 6, as also the mention of Pythagoras-Baudhayan theorem. We deserve this Macaulay 2 for not having learned the lessons from Macaulay 1.`The idea being that a few trifling concessions to Indian names would be enough to pacify the Indian ego, and to continue fooling Indians and justify preserving the fraud of axiomatic mathematics and its theorems. Of course, India never had a Mir Jafar at Plassey, so how can we believe one of our own will ever deceive us?
10. The situation is grim, but all hope is not dead. I am sure there are still a few people in India who recognize such Western racketeers and understand how Bhargav et al merely extend Macaulay. There are still a few people left who will check facts from the original sources and not be deceived by the internet chatter of chatbots or the combined propaganda of ignorant journalists and treacherous mathematicians.
I am sure these few people will preserve the truth and carry it forward till the dawn of freedom, when people will marvel at the extraordinary foolishness of the colonized, especially Indians with their ganita, in accepting the silly lies of the colonizer of a "superior" Western math minus negative numbers. 🤣
Eventually axiomatic mathematics ("modern math") has to be kicked out of the syllabus and axiomatic mathematicians too have to be kicked out from all jobs in universities and research institutions. They are a gross liability.
I dream that a day will come when we will learn to believe things based on well-researched facts, not duplicitous or internet opinions, especially from invaders, looters, their priests, and axiomatic mathematicians and other agents.
Let us see how long it takes.
Concluded (26)
ALT https://ckraju.net/papers/abstract-for-IIC.pdf
So strong was the grip of silly padreist superstitions on the European mind, especially in Western academics, and especially in religious Western math, that these Xtian superstitions dominated the further development of Western math.
So, AFTER the lack of axiomatic proofs in the "Euclid" book was exposed in the 20th c., a new effort was made to regain church control of math. This aimed to reimpose axiomatic proof not only in geometry but on all math, without ever acknowledging the origins of this tricky method of proof in the politics of the crusading church. (They just said the non-existent Euclid "intended" axiomatic proofs, and gullible Westerners swallowed it, despite all the manifest diagrams in the "Euclid" book, against axiomatic proof, and linking it to Plato.)
This modern-day church effort led to the development of axiomatic set theory on which all axiomatic mathematics is based today. `
Things changed after the 1950s because the Soviets paid more attention to practical mathematics of use to society. Taking off from the successful use of Indian war rockets of the 17th and 18th c., the Soviets built rockets good enough to send a satellite, Sputnik, into space.
This also meant that the Soviets acquired the capacity to drop a nuclear bomb over any part of the US. This frightened Americans out of their wits. They now faced the spectre of having nuclear bombs dropped on them the way they had brutally dropped them on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
In response to this extreme fright, the US invested a billion dollars (those days, in 1950's) to improve the teaching of math. However, American thinking was deeply colored by church superstitions, especially the church dogma of progress that whatever is later must be better; the hidden hand of god ensures that there is never any regress. 🤣
Therefore, all the mathematicians in the US wrongly assumed that since axiomatic mathematics of set theory came later, it must be better. Of course, as I have repeatedly pointed out, axiomatic mathematics (or the understanding of calculus using axiomatic real numbers) is NEVER used to calculate rocket trajectories, and can never be used. But we will never understand that because colonial education made us mathematically illiterate. So we will wait till a Western authority confirms it, which will never happen.
In fact, what is used to calculate rocket trajectories is the 5th c, Aryabhata's method of finite differences to numerically solve the ordinary differential equations of projectile motion, as I explain in detail in my calculus as ganita course. (pic1)
But the other thing colonial education taught Indians was to ape the West. Therefore, after the US Sputnik effort, our math syllabi changed to imitate what was done in the US. We started teaching "modern math" from the late 60s. "Ours not to reason why, ours but to ape and cry."
For example, when I studied "Euclidean" geometry in school in the mid 60s, it was on the 19th c., stupid Cambridge syllabus where SAS (Prop;ostion 4) was a theorem (proved empirically). Today we teach that SAS (side-angle-side) is a postulate as Russell et al recommended (since empirical proof is not acceptable in axiomatic math). There, was no need to ask anybody in India. All neta-s, babus and math profs concurred that whatever US did was best and there was no need for us to think about it.think
This is the very same superstition promoted by ignorant and idiot journalists like Mohana Basu, of irresponsible media like the Print, that any attempt to think, or to tell us anything contrary to Xtian superstitions in math, is Hindu fanaticism. It is interesting how she got support from a buffoon and a lying math prof, and a scheming parliamentarian like Jawhar Sircar,
Our only consolation is that we were not the only ones to be fooled. This scheme of spreading Western political dominance through the trick of axiomatic mathematics was so successful that all Muslim countries accepted it, even those which ban or limit the Bible.
They happily accepted axiomatic mathematics without the slightest inkling of its crusading Christian theological origin as a trick against Islam. They not only teach it, but pay extra to Whites to teach it. 😀
Like us, they may stay confused till the end of time because the only way we know to try to undo it is to ask a math prof whose livelihood depends upon axiomatic mathematics. Some hope.
This is the evil magic of the padres,
contd.../25
ALT (forthcoming)
Baba Rampuri retweeted
Part 2....
But Brahmagupta also objected to Aryabhata's rotating Earth: "If the Earth moves a minute in a prana, then whence and what route does it proceed? If it revolves, why do not lofty objects fall?"
The reply came from a commentator on Brahmagupta's own book.
Prthudaka Svami, around 860 CE, defended Aryabhata.
His answer: "the objection, that lofty things would fall, is contradicted; for every way the under part of the Earth is also the upper; since wherever the spectator stands on the Earth's surface, even that spot is the uppermost spot."
Wherever you stand on the sphere, that place is uppermost to you. There is no single underside from which everyone must fall.
Aryabhata had used a boat to explain the apparent motion of the stars:
"As a man in a boat going forward sees a stationary object moving backward just so at Lanka a man sees the stationary asterisms moving backward (westward) in a straight line."
Brahmagupta rejected Earth's rotation. His commentator defended it. The disagreement did not follow the boundary between the two schools.
P.S. This is an argument about up and down on a spherical Earth.
Sources: R.S. Sharma (ed.), Brahmasphutasiddhanta, Vol. 1 (1966), introductory survey, pp. 8-9; W.E. Clark, The Aryabhatiya of Aryabhata (1930), Golapada 9, pp. 64-65; Amartya Kumar Datta, "Aryabhata and Axial Rotation of Earth: 3. A Brief History", Resonance, May 2006, pp. 66-68.
Photo 1: Brahmagupta's objection and the start of his commentator's reply. R.S. Sharma (ed.), Brahmasphutasiddhanta, Vol. 1 (1966), introductory survey, p. 8.
Photo 2: Prthudaka's reply: wherever the observer stands, that spot is uppermost. Same edition, p. 9. The post wording matches this page.
Photo 3: Aryabhata's boat comparison, Golapada 9. W.E. Clark, The Aryabhatiya of Aryabhata (1930), p. 64.
Photo 4: Clark's reading of the verse: an observer on an eastward-rotating Earth sees stationary celestial objects move westward. Clark (1930), p. 65. This is Clark's commentary, not another Aryabhata verse.
This story is in 2 parts, and this is the 1st.
Aryabhata was the master everyone followed. In 628 CE, a 30 year old in Bhillamala, a town in southern Marwad, said his numbers were as accidental as the marks weevils leave in wood.
Brahmagupta's Brahmasphutasiddhanta, written under King Vyaghramukha, is a landmark of world mathematics. It is also a takedown.
One entire chapter, the Tantrapariksha, "an examination of other treatises", exists to examine and demolish rival schools of astronomy, above all the school of one man: Aryabhata.
Aryabhata (Aryabhatiya, 499 CE) was the towering master. Bhaskara I, the finest astronomer of the next generation, followed him line by line. As Brahmagupta's modern editor puts it: "Bhaskara closely followed Aryabhata, but Brahmagupta had the guts to oppose the views expressed by this great master."
Guts is one word for it. Here is what Brahmagupta actually wrote.
On Aryabhata's eclipse mathematics:
"Aryabhata made the apogee of the Moon as moving more quickly and the node as moving more slowly than their actual motions; if his constants give correct results in relation to the end of tithis or eclipses, they must be considered as accidental as are the letters cut into wood by weevils."
Weevils. The greatest astronomer of the age before him had, in Brahmagupta's telling, the predictive power of bug scratches in wood.
On his own genius:
"On seeing me, who possess the most accurate knowledge of mean motions, men who have learnt from the works of Srisena, Visnucandra and Aryabhata cannot face me in any meeting just like deer on seeing a lion."
Deer before a lion. In a mathematics book. About himself.
And the verdict on the entire school:
"As the apparent planets beginning with Mars as derived from the works of Srisena, Aryabhata and Visnucandra are far deviated from their true places, the works of these authors are therefore not valued among the learned."
Now the twist.
37 years later, in 665 CE, Brahmagupta wrote a second, gentler book. He named it Khandakhadyaka, literally "food prepared from sugar-candy".
And in its main text, the man who had called Aryabhata's astronomy weevil scratches quietly built his planetary calculations on Aryabhata's own midnight system.
His modern editor is openly baffled: "The question why Brahmagupta who was so bitter an opponent of Aryabhata in his younger days (628 CE) climbed down to describe and teach one of the systems of Aryabhata's astronomy in his sixty-seventh year (665 CE) is difficult to explain."
And in the sugar candy's appendix, the weevil verse, the lion verse and the verdict are reprinted word for word.
The lion came back to graze with the deer. He just never stopped roaring.
Part 2 follows: the one attack in that book that went too far, and the scholar who answered it 230 years later.
Sources: R.S. Sharma (ed.), Brahmasphutasiddhanta of Brahmagupta, Vol. 1 (INSA, 1966), Introduction, pp. 47, 53-54, 73, 79-81. Verses: BrSpSi I.62-63, II.47 (= Khandakhadyaka Uttara IX.1-3).
Photo 1: Brahmagupta on Aryabhata's eclipse constants: "accidental as are the letters cut into wood by weevils" (BrSpSi I.62). On himself: rivals "cannot face me in any meeting just like deer on seeing a lion" (I.63). Verdict: their works "are therefore not valued among the learned" (II.47). From R.S. Sharma's edition of the Brahmasphutasiddhanta, Vol. 1 (INSA 1966), Intro p. 53.
Photo 2: The twist, on the page: the Khandakhadyaka is "literally meaning food prepared from sugar-candy", and his modern editor cannot explain why "Brahmagupta who was so bitter an opponent of Aryabhata in his younger days climbed down to describe and teach one of the systems of Aryabhata's astronomy in his 67th year (665 A.D.)". Same edition, Intro p. 80.
Baba Rampuri retweeted
Has the Indus Script Finally Been Deciphered – As Sanskrit?
For more than a century, the tiny seals of the Indus Valley Civilization have refused to speak. Now an Indian-American cryptographer going by the name @yajnadevam (Bharath Rao) has announced that he has cracked it.
His claim, laid out in a 99-page paper titled “A Cryptanalytic Decipherment of the Indus Script,” and an accompanying public database of translations, is about as bold as decipherment claims get: the script is not Dravidian or an unknown proto-language; it is Sanskrit, written centuries before anyone thought the language existed in written form, let alone in the hands of the people who built the Indus cities.
If confirmed, it would upend timelines of language, migration, and cultural continuity in the subcontinent.
- Part 1 of a two-part series at @IHindudvesha
stophindudvesha.org/has-the-…
We're crossing the end of 500 years of colonialism. What is re-emerging is a resumption of the civilization state: in India, Russia, China, Iran.
"It's going to be the great civilizations that are going to determine the path forward from here on."
Chapter 7 · The Inflection Point
The whole answer, with subtitles in five languages: rampuri.com/the-inflection-p…
