My thoughts on connectomics and upload: 1) there is zero question connectomes are invaluable, and we need to get them for mouse, monkey, and human 2) the human, or even monkey, connectome seems a long ways off given costs (roughly $1/neuron). The projectome (map of all the axons) seems eminently reachable and should be a top priority imho 3) but even having the full connectome would only tell you numbers of synapses, not actual synaptic weights, and the two can be hugely divergent (eg only 5% of synapses onto V1 layer 4 neurons come from thalamus, even though this is the major driving input) 4) given #2 & #3, I think we can get to upload in the sense of building a functionally equivalent organism much faster through understanding the algorithms of the primate brain than through blind copying 5) in putting together something as complex as the human brain we would definitely want to check that the various pieces work as we go, which we can only do if we understand these pieces 6) I don't think upload in the sense of blindly creating a digital copy is the path to the abundant transhumanist future--actual understanding of brain structures so we can intelligently interface with them, and emulate their function in code without copying all the details, is. All to say, we need functional understanding to go hand in hand with anatomical mapping!